The ultimate ethics; the characteristic trait of immortality and perpetual happiness
Critics have rightly claimed that this emphasis on moral principles smacks of a thoughtless and slavish worship of rules, as if the moral life was a matter of scrupulously checking our every action against a table of do's and don'ts. Fortunately, this obsession with principles and rules has been recently challenged by several ethicists who argue that the emphasis on principles ignores a fundamental component of ethics--virtue. These ethicists point our that by focusing on what people should do or how people should act, the "moral principles approach" neglects the more important issue--what people should be.
In other words, the fundamental question of ethics is not "What should I do?" but "What kind of person should I be?"
According to "virtue ethics", there are certain ideals, such as excellence or dedication to the common good, toward which we should strive and which allow the full development of our humanity. These ideals are discovered through thoughtful reflection on what we as human beings have the potential to become.
"Virtues" are attitudes, dispositions, or character traits that enable us to be and to act in ways that develop this potential. They enable us to pursue the ideals we have adopted. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues.
Virtues are habits. That is, once they are acquired, they become characteristic of a person. For example, a person who has developed the virtue of generosity is often referred to as a generous person because he or she tends to be generous in all circumstances. Moreover, a person who has developed virtues will be naturally disposed to act in ways that are consistent with moral principles. The virtuous person is the ethical person.
At the heart of the virtue approach to ethics is the idea of "community". A person's character traits are not developed in isolation, but within and by the communities to which he or she belongs, including family, church, school, and other private and public associations. As people grow and mature, their personalities are deeply affected by the values that their communities prize, by the personality traits that their communities encourage, and by the role models that their communities put forth for imitation through traditional stories, fiction, movies, television, and so on. The virtue approach urges us to pay attention to the contours of our communities and the habits of character they encourage and instill.
: It is Sound Plural Active Participle from Form-VIII Present Tense Active Voice Verb, which has reflexive causative meanings and indicates a stronger role of the Subjects as a performer of the action involving painstaking, meticulous effort. It signifies such people who endeavour for ultimate success by remaining mindful and cautious and avoiding unrestrained conduct, in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. They are the people who conduct their selves in accordance with the Book-the Law. Paradise is exclusively for , and Grand Qur'aan is "The Guide, the reference source for directing one's life aright in time and space".
We might not need reading voluminous theories about "Value System", "Ethics", "deontology" propounded by philosophers in timeline to arrive at an ideal perception about human conduct encompassing all spheres of human activity. All theories and dissertations on the subject put on one side, this one Active Participle referring a group of people outweighs them for arriving and formulating an approach to life.
All thoughtful human acts are aimed at achieving what is caused by the desires and appetites relating and emanating from just three parts of human body; the Chest-locus of desires-passions-motives-interests; central part-belly-stomach-locus and source of providing energy needed to retain dynamic equilibrium of body and life; genitalia the locus responsible for continuity of species and a unique pleasure without which the life might seem merely robotic and worker-ant like.
This phenomenon makes the Man compulsorily a social being. are the most rational beings. They understand that no individual or group of people can devise a conduct and social value system that could impart ideally equal justice and satisfaction to each member of the species. Thereby, they believe and frequently visit their Creator, their Sustainer Lord, Allah the Exalted and His elevated and chosen Messengers who delivered verbal Manual-the Message for guiding them in time and space.
This approach pragmatically shows that they are sincere in their intention of good will since evidence of good will and good intention is that an act is done in reverence, affection and respect considering it as duty of the subject towards his Creator and Sustainer Lord, Allah the Exalted and His Messenger. This is in consonance with simple reality that ideology precedes conduct.
It is informed that the Paradise-the ideal abode for the truly living life is prepared for those who conduct their lives mindfully trying it mirror that which is the Will and liking of their Sustainer Lord, as conveyed by Spokesperson-the Elevated Messenger of Allah the Exalted through the Verbal Message-the Book of Allah. This relational fact is described by telling as for whom the Paradise is prepared:
And you people hasten emulously aiming at seeking protection and forgiveness which is conditionally ensured through the Elevated Messenger to you as promise from your Sustainer Lord, and towards the Paradise.
Her capaciousness-width is that of the Skies and the Earth.
The Paradise is prepared exclusively for those who endeavour for ultimate success remaining cautious and avoid unrestrained conduct in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. [3:133]
The most conspicuous characteristic trait of is described as:
The characteristic feature of Mutta'qeena is that they heartily accept-believe in the presence-existence of the Unseen not in their sight [Creator-Allah, and what is stated in the Book].
And they steadfastly maintain the Institution of As-sa'laat-Time Bound Formal Rite demonstrating Servitude and allegiance;
Further, they heartily spend part of the worldly resources, which We have given them as sustenance. [only for seeking approval and attention of Allah the Exalted]. [2:003]
Belief of omnipresence: Isolation
This is the Book, you will find reading it that its contents are absolutely void of peeving substance: suspicious, conjectural, whimsical, conflicting, ambiguous, anomalous, irrational, un-certain, illusory, unsubstantiated, biased and opinionated matter.
This Book is a Guide-Manual for those who endeavor to remain cautious and avoid conduct inspired and governed by emotion in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. [2:02]
The characteristic feature of Mutta'qeena is that they heartily accept-believe in the presence-existence of the Unseen; not in their sight [Creator: Allah the Exalted, and what is stated in the Book].
And they steadfastly maintain the Institution of As-sa'laat-Time Bound Formal Rite demonstrating Servitude and allegiance to Allah the Exalted.
Further, they heartily spend part of the worldly resources which We have given to them as sustenance. [only for seeking approval and attention of Allah the Exalted]. [2:003]
does not mean blind faith. "Blind faith" can never make anyone sincere to anything. It is self deception.
-it denotes the fact of existence and presence not being in sight/vision. The minimum level of being a rational person is to accept the existence and presence of one's Creator since one knows he is not the creator of his own self. Only such man possessing minimum level of rationality could be admonished/ warned/revived/advised by the Messenger and the Book-21:49;23:57;35:18;36:11; 50:33;67:12]
Moreover, Mutta'qeena are those who consciously accept-believe in that; Grand Qur'aan which has been sent to you the Messenger [Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam],
And they believe in that which were revealed by Allah the Exalted in times before you the Messenger [Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam].
Further, they are the people who have firm conviction in the Hereafter. [2:04]
The aforementioned people are journeying-progressing towards the destination-original abode on the guidance communicated by the Sustainer Lord of them ["My Aaya'at" in the Qur'aan] .
Know it that they are the people who are truly the endeavourers for perpetual success- fruitfulness. [2:05] [2:05 and verse 31:05 are exactly identical, mirror]
That you the Christians and might turnabout your faces-selves confronting the East and the West is not the Virtue-Magnanimous Conduct.
On the contrary, the Virtue-Magnanimous Conduct is of that person who consciously and heartily believed in Allah the Exalted and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book [one peculiar Book, Qur'aan], and the Chosen and Elevated Allegiants of Allah the Exalted.
And he spent-donated wealth for the sake of attaining approval and appreciation of Allah the Exalted to the near relatives, and the orphans, and the destitute, and the wayfarer, and those who seek help, and to get freedom-remission for the slaves-prisoners.
And he steadfastly maintained the Institution of As-sa'laat-Time Bound Protocol of Servitude and allegiance; and he paid Az-Zakaa't;
Note it that such are the people who honour their pledge-commitment when they have entered into a pledge,
and they remain coolly perseverant in financial crisis and adversity and in times of poverty/war.
They are the people who have proved their word-declaration of belief with their acts as true;
And they are the people who are truly cautious, heedful and mindful avoiding unrestrained conduct.
The Oral Bequest in favour of the Mother and Father and the relatively Near Relatives in accordance with the well known norms has been prescribed-decreed upon you people.
This Oral Bequest is to be bequeathed at the point in time when the natural death has approached someone of you people if he is leaving behind worldly wealth.
The Oral Bequest is mandatory-incumbent upon people who endeavor to remain cautious, avoiding conduct inspired and governed by emotion, in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. [2:180]
Take note that some wealth, in accordance with the known norms of society, should also be apportioned for the Wives who are in the prescribed restraint period of alienation-suspended marriage before complete separation [in case the husband dies during this period].
This is mandatory-incumbent upon people who are cautious, heedful and mindful in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted.[2:241]
...........
And you people hasten emulously aiming at seeking protection and forgiveness which is conditionally ensured through the Elevated Messenger to you as promise from your Sustainer Lord, and towards the Paradise.
Her capaciousness-width is that of the Skies and the Earth.
The Paradise is prepared exclusively for those who endeavour for ultimate success remaining cautious and avoid unrestrained conduct in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. [3:133]
They are the people who heartily spend for other's welfare in prosperity and in adversity.
And they are the people who suppress and curb the rage/anger or sublimate: divert excessive energy into positive direction instead of wasting it in negative activity, and they are the ones who ignore and overlook the excesses of people.
And Allah the Exalted appreciates and approves for nearness those people who conduct moderately, gracefully and generously. [3:134]
And they are such people that in case they committed for the first time an illicit sexual act,
or had wronged their selves:
They instantly recalled [injunctions of] Allah the Exalted and feeling ashamed they sincerely sought pardon for their respective sins.
[they did the right thing] And who is there who oft forgives sins except Allah the Exalted?
And they did not tie themselves: made it their habit: repetitively acting upon that solitary illicit sexual act they happened to have committed:
Because they are fully aware of it: the implication that its repetition will be a cognizable deed. [3:135]
They are the people: their reward is forgiveness promised-guaranteed by their Sustainer Lord.
And Gardens with canals of water flowing side by wherein they shall reside perpetually.
And the reward of performers is pleasant and aggrandizer. [3:136]
Know it; We had indeed given to Mūsā [alai'his'slaam] and Haroon [alai'his'slaam]:
The Criterion-delineator of right and wrong, fact and conjecture; and a source of enlightenment; and a reference source: guide-Manual for those who endeavor to remain cautious and avoid conduct inspired and governed by emotion in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted. [21:48]
They: Mutta'qeen are the people who remain mindful and fearful of Omnipresence of their Sustainer Lord despite being not in their sight.
And they frighten their selves about the Appointed Moment. [21:49]
Should We declare and treat those who believed and performed appropriate and balanced acts like those who create distortions/impropriety/disturbance/spread conjectures in the Earth-society?
Or should We declare and treat those who endeavor remaining cautious, heedful and mindful avoiding unrestrained conduct in reverence and fear of Allah the Exalted equal and like those who are prominently wicked? [38:28]
[Read with 38:01]
This is the Admonishment/ Reminder/Reiteration [of all that was sent earlier-a linkage].
o
And certainly for those who remaining cautious, heedful and mindful avoiding unrestrained conduct in reverence and fear of Allah is definitely the most appropriate place to return to. [38:49]
The Gardens of pleasant abode,
o
for them the entry doors are kept open. [38:50]
[Similar description in 2:177]
And the one who remained steadfast with the Truth/Grand Qur'aan and with it he proved his word [of believing] as true;
[Same verdict in same words in 2:177]o
such are the people who are truly cautious, heedful and mindful avoiding unrestrained conduct. [39:33]
[Same pronouncement in 16:31;25:16;42:22;50:35]
For them is/will be everything which they desire from their Sustainer Lord,
[With و same pronouncement in same words 5:84]o
This is the reward for moderate/balanced people. [39:34]