Do I still need to say that translating Arabic Possessive Phrase: by English phrase "the seal of the prophets" was erroneous to say the least!

Before we continue on this Phrase, let me quote from Classical Lexicons the perception and meanings infolded in Root: "خ ت م", and then from the Qur'aan to bring home the point that Qur'aan itself is the best lexicon for its words, and there is nothing perplexing understanding its semantics.

Learned Ibn Faris [died-1005] described the perception infolded in the Root as under:

الخاء والتاء والميم أصلٌ واحد، وهو بُلوغ آخِرِ الشّيء. يقال خَتَمْتُ العَمَل، وخَتم القارئ السُّورة. فأمَّا الخَتْم، وهو الطَّبع على الشَّيء، فذلك من الباب أيضاً؛ لأنّ الطَّبْع على الشيءِ لا يكون إلاّ بعد بلوغ آخِرِه، في الأحراز

That the basic perception conveyed is that of crossing over the tail end of a thing; it means to conclude, end, close or finish a performance. It denotes sealing an object at the point of entry and exit after accomplishment of job in such manner that nothing can enter therein, or spill over.

Lane's Lexicon says that it means to reach the end of a thing; and it is contra of inauguration; sealing, putting an impression or signet upon a thing in consideration of protection.

Grand Qur'aan itself is the Superb Lexicon since it exposes the meanings of its important words by using it in different semantic fields whereby one can perceive all its dimensions relating to substance as well accident including metaphorical aspect.

• They will be served exquisitely matured wine to drink, it is securely sealed. [83:25]

• Its [masculine-positively charged wine] seal is securely withholding it.

• Therefore, those who have passion for exquisite wine should ambitiously aspire to be its recipients. [83:26]

• And its blending and temperament is effervescent. [83:27]

This is the scene of a group of people in wait for escort to the Paradise on the Day of Judgment. They are served exquisitely matured wine. As is the Active Participle: ; word: a Passive Participle is also from  خَتْمٌ-خِتَامٌ Verbal Noun; خَتَمَ-يَخْتَمُ Verb of Root  "خ ت م".  Let us not be lost in the aroma of this super wine; it is a long journey to get it; but move on with our study. Verbal Noun of these Participles also finds mention . A verbal noun denotes an action or a state. Sealed bottle of wine prevents its leakage, spill over holding it securely in the bottle.

How simple and straight forward is the perception conveyed by Root "خ ت م", please see it:

• That Day We will gag their mouths; and their hands will speak to Us;

• And their respective Feet will testify against them:

• That which they people deliberately kept performing for material gains. [36:65]

: First Person; Plural; Masculine Verb in indicative mood from Root "خ ت م". Their mouths will be sealed-gagged which will prevent them from speaking or crying out. This effect of sealing is that they will not be able to articulate an expression; whereby their hands will verbally orate that which they people kept doing in worldly life.

• Allah the Exalted has put the epilogue-sealed the wraps upon their hearts-intellectual consciousness and upon their faculty of listening.

• And note, an obscuring veil hinders their faculties of observation.

• Be mindful, a grave torment is in wait—prepared for them [on the Day of Resurrection]. [2:07]

: Verb: Perfect; Third Person; Singular; Masculine; active;  مصدر خَتْمٌ Verbal Noun. Allah the Exalted is the Subject of verb. The prepositional phrase coupled with possessive phrase: "upon the hearts of them" relates to the Verb. It signifies that the effect of the act denoted by verb is upon their hearts. And ultimate result is that a grave torment is in wait for them. This is their epilogue, the detail of outcome-inevitable consequence of what they did and earned in life. This is the concluding remark of Allah the Exalted that He has put the epilogue upon their hearts which symbolizes with sealing their self made wraps upon their hearts. The point in time for sealing an object is when it has since been wrapped in some covering, envelop. It is explained again in more simple terms:

• Moreover, they said: "Our hearts are wrapped with coverings".

• No, the fact of the matter is that Allah the Exalted has discarded them as condemned and cursed for reason of their act and persistence in refusal to accept.

• Therefore, few are amongst them who believe and will believe. [2:88]

: It is a plural noun and signifies wraps, envelops, coverings for things. The epilogue-sealing of hearts is reflective of an act and state of crossing over the ultimate end-finished-accomplished stage, which is the basic perception infolded in Root "خ ت م". People said that their hearts are wrapped in coverings which reflects a stage immediately prior to sealing an object signified by verb: . Their statement was contradicted by disclosing that their wrapped state has crossed over to the extreme stage of sealing. This is described by: "Allah the Exalted has discarded them as condemned and cursed". This is crossing the extreme end, and point of no return in any association. And the cause of this permanent condemnation is: because of their act and persistence in refusal to accept. Grand Qur'aan also uses rotational technique to highlight meaning and perception of concepts by using synonymous words about the same subject with different sentence structures:

• Thereby, subsequent to their deliberate breach of the solemn pledge-covenant of them;

• And their deliberate denial of the Aa'ya'at: unprecedented displays and verbal passages of Allah the Exalted;

• And for their continued effort in character assassination of  the Chosen and exalted Allegiants of Allah the Exalted by contrary to fact slanderous and libelous statements to distance-ill-repute them from people's reverence;

• And because of their saying: "Our hearts are wrapped with coverings".

• No, things have gone beyond this; the fact of the matter is that Allah the Exalted has impressed the epilogue-sealed the wraps upon the hearts-intellectual consciousness. This is for reason of their act and persistence in refusal to accept.

• Thereby, barring a few amongst Jews they do not accept/believe. [4:155]

and: is described by: "Allah the Exalted has impressed the epilogue". And here too the location is "hearts"-signifying intellectual consciousness. Its reason is the same as was given earlier: : because of their act and persistence in refusal to accept. Once the act signified by: and: is done in relation to an object, all chances and doors stand closed for entrance as well as spill over. The hearts subjected to an act: and: are like as if they are entities locked whereby nothing can enter therein.

Root of  is "ط ب ع". Its perception and meanings are, "sealing, stamping, imprinting, or impressing; impressing a thing with the engraving of the stamp; to brand or mark". Lane's Lexicon further quotes, "accord to Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, طَبْعٌ and خَتْمٌ both signify the covering over a thing, and securing oneself from a thing's entering it".

• [why do they behave as such] Is it for reason that they purposely do not critically cross-examine the miscellany of Qur'aan pursuing contiguously?

• Or is it for reason that the locks of hearts are self locked upon their hearts?  [47:24]

Sealing, closing, wrapping, impressing the epilogue on hearts of people who deny and persist to remain in state of non-belief is finally portrayed in this Ayah:

• Nay, on the contrary, the fact of the matter is that what they were earning has caused a coating of rust upon their hearts. [83:14]

I hope the perception and meanings infolded in Root "خ ت م" have conspicuously surfaced. Therefore, let us revert to the topic under study.

: It links back to: , which as predicate links to: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] who is the Subject Noun of deficient Verb: . He was living prior to having become, appointed and declared as the Messenger of Allah the Exalted. He was neither father of a male of strengthen maturity prior to assuming assignment of the Messenger of Allah the Exalted, nor afterwards he is the father, or grand, or grand grand father of a single Man who lived or is living in humanity. Since the information is given using pronoun of second person, plural, masculine that denotes all living humanity, it is understood that he has become the Messenger of Allah the Exalted for the entire humanity. We will discuss this subject under the caption, "The only Universal Messenger of Allah the Exalted".

Normal course of communicating multiple past information about a person is that; the information relating to timeline relatively recent is conveyed first and information relating to relatively distant past is mentioned subsequently. Information about him for the period prior to his becoming: is that he was: "The Authenticating Accomplisher of those who were declared Chosen, Dignified and Elevated Sincere Allegiants of Allah the Exalted."

Semantics is the study of how meaning in language is created by the use and interrelationships of words, phrases and sentences. Psychological Manipulators, with intention to foster misconception, never adhere to fundamentals of semantics. They clothe certain aspects of fact-truth with falsehood, and apply technique of "lying by omission". This is a very subtle form of lying by withholding and leaving out important and significant fact-truth to foster a misconception. [ref 3:71].

You might have read hundreds of pages written by various authors discussing the subject of  "Finality of 'Prophet' ", based on this Ayah of Qur'aan. Did you notice therein that both words of the Phrase are never discussed and analyzed jointly as an indivisible grammatical unit of the sentence? Did you further notice that no one tells his audience about the meanings, perception, and connotation inherently embedded in various types of Nouns in Arabic, as you will just read about Active Participle and Adjective Resembling Participle who are even otherwise at variance in pattern with each other?

It is a definite, singular, masculine Active Participle in accusative case. Participles are formed from Present Tense Active Voice Verb according to specific rules. Active Participle signifies the person, creature or object that performs the action associated with the verb from which it is derived. Participles describe or refer to entities involved in an activity, process, or state. Active participle governs with the government of a verb, if it has the meaning of the present or future tense. If the Active Participle signifies the meaning of past tense, Possessive Phrase is required, as is the case here:  .

One of the unique feature of an Active participle is that it has a verbal quality. It signifies that it has the same meaning as the Active Voice Verb and can even govern words in the same manner as a verb governs in a sentence. Like a verb, the pronoun of the subject will either be visible or concealed. In the Active Participle, however, the pronoun will be considered visible whenever the Active Participle containing the pronoun precedes a Subject in a sentence. When the Active Participle containing a pronoun follows the subject, the pronouns will be considered concealed. The pronoun of active participle: refers back to: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam].

Active Participle also signify a person to whom existence of a particular state or effect is attributed. However, the attribution of a state is not understood to be permanent in an Active Participle. Due to this peculiarity, it is also referred as Verbal Adjective. Used as an adjective, the Active Participle acts as descriptive term. Functioning as predicate, Active Participles reflect the gender of noun that they refer, here: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam].

The meanings of an Active Participle: made from  خَتْمٌ-خِتَامٌ Verbal Noun; خَتَمَ-يَخْتَمُ Verb of Root  "خ ت م" are evidently of a Person who acts as epilogue and accomplishes, concludes, brings to the ultimate end the action denoted by the verb from which it is derived. One who does this act: he authenticates, legitimizes, sanctifies and affirms that about which he has performed this act. We have earlier read the meanings of "seal" as noun; now let us see its meanings as verb: "To affix a seal in order to prove authenticity or attest to accuracy, legal weight, quality, or another standard". 

: It is the second Noun of Possessive Phrase. It is [الصفة المشبهة:] Adjective resembling participle derived from Verbal Noun نَبْوَةٌ and نَبَاوَةٌ: Definite; Sound Plural; Masculine; genitive; on the measure "فَعِيلٌ". Adjective resembling participle, or termed as Verbal Adjective, is a noun derived from an intransitive verb. Its pattern is at variance with the pattern of Active Participles and Passive Participles, it is known by usage. Resembling participle is that noun which indicates on the root meaning being an attribute. And this attribute is usually perpetual or intrinsic. The Adjective governs with the government of its verb, without exception, with the condition of dependencies as is the case in Active Participles. When  another word is governed with Adjective resembling participle in the nominative state, there is no pronoun in the Adjective. When the governed word is accusative or genitive, then there is a pronoun in the modified-noun.

: It denotes many Men who had the attribute signified by the Verb, Verbal Noun and Root      " ن ب و" from where it is derived. The basic perception infolded in the Root, in the words of Ibn Faris [d: 1005]:

 (مقاييس اللغة)

النون والباء والحرف المعتلّ أصلٌ صحيح يدلُّ على ارتفاعٍ في الشيء عن غَيره أو تَنحٍّ عنه

That it leads to the perception of eminence, elevation, ascension, exaltation of something in relation to others, or distinguished from others.

Qur'aan loudly and affectionately pronounces their exalted stature:

• It is a certain fact that We had distinguished them as the purest and the sincerest; exclusive example for repeated mentioning in the World. [38:46]

• And this is a fact that they are in Our judgment certainly the best choice, Elite above others, they are perpetually the best. [38:47]

• And you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] mention Iesma'eile and Al'Yas'aa and Zal-Kif'le [علیھم السلام].

• And they all without exception shall remain perpetually the Best Persons. [38:48]

It is thus evident from the Root, Verbal Noun, and the peculiar feature of the derived Noun: that it refers to those Men who have the permanent attribute of distinctly elevated and exalted above all others in the created realm; dignified and distinguished from all others; the sincerest. Their par excellence attribute is that they are the personal choice of the Creator of all that exists, Allah the Supremely Exalted Who is pleased to pronounce that they are for ever the best selection in the judgment of Him the Exalted.