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Muna'fi'qeen: A locally dangerous "sub-family" amongst Believers Muna'fi'qeen, a peculiar segment of Muslim society who make false and deceptive pronouncement of having become believers.
33:40 Translation by various translators [42]
Meanings and usage of English word "seal"
Root "خ ت م" Classical Lexicons
Root: ص ف و[Lane Lexicon]
I leave it to your judgment to accept my request that the Arabic Adjectival Resembling Participle should never be translated and referred as "the Prophets". It is too small a word to portray the grandeur, exaltation, and reverence befitting them. Also because it denotes negative features like one who predicts future, a prognosticator. They did not predict, they gave authentic news about the future.
Classification of the Believers 57:10 Translation by various translators.
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The Authenticating Accomplisher of those who are declared Chosen, Dignified and Exalted Sincere Allegiants of Allah the Exalted.
This phrase of the Miscellany of Grand Qur'aan is one of the favorites of Psychological manipulators who have in their hearts the self nurtured disease of animosity, jealousy, bias, envy, and aversion against the Person of the Leader of Humanity, the Messenger and Personification of the Infinite Mercy of Allah the Exalted. He is the great of created realm-Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam. He is the Unique-the one in the created realm for whom reverence and praises continue uninterrupted in timeline. This causes irk and lets such Psychological Manipulators advance in compounding their disease. There is no dearth of people of such psyche in the world as well as within believing societies; whom Allah the Exalted has given a specific name "Muna'fi'qeen", who kept spreading confusion about otherwise one of the simplest and semantically conspicuous Possessive Phrase used in the Grand Qur'aan. Thereafter, the plagiarists in believing societies further spread it.
The sentence is [الجملة مستأنفة] continuation of the discourse, but not linked with previous sentence introducing information about a different subject. : Negation Particle. Verb: Deficient; Perfect; third person; singular; masculine. Defective-Incomplete verbs are coined to affirm a subject's description being other than the description of its Masdar-Verbal Noun. Defective verbs are entered upon the subject and the predicate. It gives the nominative state to the first as its noun and it gives accusative state to the second as its predicate. When used for sentential abrogation, it signifies the meanings of "to become", where the predication of the sentence still holds true and continues to hold true. [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] Proper Noun: Masculine; nominative. It is the Subject Noun of deficient Verb It is a Possessive Phrase: It is the Predicate of deficient Verb, meaning "father of a single one". This Prepositional Phrase coupled with a Possessive Phrase, constituting a single grammatical entity, relates to the elided adjective [متعلقان بمحذوف صفة لأحد] for ., denoting any man who lived or is living amongst the Men of you people. signifies only Men who have attained strengthen maturity. Therefore, it does not say that he did not have male progeny, but only that his son did not survive to the age of becoming a Man. Possessive Pronoun, second person, plural, masculine includes entire humanity from the point in time of its first address to its last reader.
It is a particle that initiates-commences a new sentence when coupled with conjunction particle ; and acts as rectifying particle. The reality about [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] is that he is the Messenger of Allah the Exalted for the peoples.
: This conjunction particle links the Possessive Phrase with the preceding phrase: , for which reason, and as is evident from Active Participle: that it is in accusative case. Possessive Phrase creates and signifies an association, relationship between two Nouns. "Principle of association" is the basic objective for clubbing two nouns to make a phrase. : It is a definite, singular, masculine Active Participle in accusative case. If the Active Participle signifies the meaning of past tense, Possessive Phrase is required, as is the case here . [الصفة المشبهة:] Adjective resembling participle derived from Verbal Noun نَبْوَةٌ and نَبَاوَةٌ: Definite; Sound Plural; Masculine; genitive; on the measure "فَعِيلٌ". : This phrase was translated, by George Sale, perhaps the first English translator of Qur'aan, published in 1734; as: "the seal of the prophets". That day onwards we find the same phrase repeated by the translators. Others, who rely upon classical exegeses like Ibn Kathir [تفسير ابن كثير], reproduce his statement as: "the Last of the prophets". English noun phrase "the seal of the prophets" renders first definite active participle as if it were a substantive noun "the seal". Both in English and Arabic, a substantive noun signifies what is ordinarily called substance. Other objects of our thoughts are the manner or modifications of things what is called accidents. As noun the word "seal" signifies in English language:
1.
a. A die or signet having a raised or incised emblem used
to stamp an impression on a receptive substance such as wax or
lead.
b. The impression so made.
c. The design or emblem itself,
belonging exclusively to the user:
a monarch's
seal.
d. A small disk or wafer of wax, lead, or paper bearing
such an imprint and affixed to a document to prove authenticity
or to secure it.
2. Something, such as a commercial
hallmark, that authenticates, confirms, or attests.
3. A substance, especially an adhesive
agent such as wax or putty, used to close or secure something or to
prevent seepage of moisture or air.
4. A device that joins two systems or elements in such a way
as to prevent leakage.
5.
a. An airtight closure.
b. A closure, as on a package, used to prove that the
contents have not been tampered with.
6. A small decorative paper sticker.
Do I still need to say that translating Arabic Possessive Phrase: by English phrase "the seal of the prophets" was erroneous to say the least! Before we continue on this Phrase, let me quote from Classical Lexicons the perception and meanings infolded in Root: "خ ت م", and then from the Qur'aan to bring home the point that Qur'aan itself is the best lexicon for its words, and there is nothing perplexing understanding its semantics. Learned Ibn Faris [died-1005] described the perception infolded in the Root as under: الخاء والتاء والميم أصلٌ واحد، وهو بُلوغ آخِرِ الشّيء. يقال خَتَمْتُ العَمَل، وخَتم القارئ السُّورة. فأمَّا الخَتْم، وهو الطَّبع على الشَّيء، فذلك من الباب أيضاً؛ لأنّ الطَّبْع على الشيءِ لا يكون إلاّ بعد بلوغ آخِرِه، في الأحراز That the basic perception conveyed is that of crossing over the tail end of a thing; it means to conclude, end, close or finish a performance. It denotes sealing an object at the point of entry and exit after accomplishment of job in such manner that nothing can enter therein, or spill over. Lane's Lexicon says that it means to reach the end of a thing; and it is contra of inauguration; sealing, putting an impression or signet upon a thing in consideration of protection. Grand Qur'aan itself is the Superb Lexicon since it exposes the meanings of its important words by using it in different semantic fields whereby one can perceive all its dimensions relating to substance as well accident including metaphorical aspect.
This is the scene of a group of people in wait for escort to the Paradise on the Day of Judgment. They are served exquisitely matured wine. As is the Active Participle: ; word: a Passive Participle is also from خَتْمٌ-خِتَامٌ Verbal Noun; خَتَمَ-يَخْتَمُ Verb of Root "خ ت م". Let us not be lost in the aroma of this super wine; it is a long journey to get it; but move on with our study. Verbal Noun of these Participles also finds mention . A verbal noun denotes an action or a state. Sealed bottle of wine prevents its leakage, spill over holding it securely in the bottle. How simple and straight forward is the perception conveyed by Root "خ ت م", please see it:
: First Person; Plural; Masculine Verb in indicative mood from Root "خ ت م". Their mouths will be sealed-gagged which will prevent them from speaking or crying out. This effect of sealing is that they will not be able to articulate an expression; whereby their hands will verbally orate that which they people kept doing in worldly life.
: Verb: Perfect; Third Person; Singular; Masculine; active; مصدر خَتْمٌ Verbal Noun. Allah the Exalted is the Subject of verb. The prepositional phrase coupled with possessive phrase: "upon the hearts of them" relates to the Verb. It signifies that the effect of the act denoted by verb is upon their hearts. And ultimate result is that a grave torment is in wait for them. This is their epilogue, the detail of outcome-inevitable consequence of what they did and earned in life. This is the concluding remark of Allah the Exalted that He has put the epilogue upon their hearts which symbolizes with sealing their self made wraps upon their hearts. The point in time for sealing an object is when it has since been wrapped in some covering, envelop. It is explained again in more simple terms:
: It is a plural noun and signifies wraps, envelops, coverings for things. The epilogue-sealing of hearts is reflective of an act and state of crossing over the ultimate end-finished-accomplished stage, which is the basic perception infolded in Root "خ ت م". People said that their hearts are wrapped in coverings which reflects a stage immediately prior to sealing an object signified by verb: . Their statement was contradicted by disclosing that their wrapped state has crossed over to the extreme stage of sealing. This is described by: "Allah the Exalted has discarded them as condemned and cursed". This is crossing the extreme end, and point of no return in any association. And the cause of this permanent condemnation is: because of their act and persistence in refusal to accept. Grand Qur'aan also uses rotational technique to highlight meaning and perception of concepts by using synonymous words about the same subject with different sentence structures:
and: is described by: "Allah the Exalted has impressed the epilogue". And here too the location is "hearts"-signifying intellectual consciousness. Its reason is the same as was given earlier: : because of their act and persistence in refusal to accept. Once the act signified by: and: is done in relation to an object, all chances and doors stand closed for entrance as well as spill over. The hearts subjected to an act: and: are like as if they are entities locked whereby nothing can enter therein. Root of is "ط ب ع". Its perception and meanings are, "sealing, stamping, imprinting, or impressing; impressing a thing with the engraving of the stamp; to brand or mark". Lane's Lexicon further quotes, "accord to Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, طَبْعٌ and خَتْمٌ both signify the covering over a thing, and securing oneself from a thing's entering it".
Sealing, closing, wrapping, impressing the epilogue on hearts of people who deny and persist to remain in state of non-belief is finally portrayed in this Ayah:
I hope the perception and meanings infolded in Root "خ ت م" have conspicuously surfaced. Therefore, let us revert to the topic under study. : It links back to: , which as predicate links to: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] who is the Subject Noun of deficient Verb: . He was living prior to having become, appointed and declared as the Messenger of Allah the Exalted. He was neither father of a male of strengthen maturity prior to assuming assignment of the Messenger of Allah the Exalted, nor afterwards he is the father, or grand, or grand grand father of a single Man who lived or is living in humanity. Since the information is given using pronoun of second person, plural, masculine that denotes all living humanity, it is understood that he has become the Messenger of Allah the Exalted for the entire humanity. We will discuss this subject under the caption, "The only Universal Messenger of Allah the Exalted". Normal course of communicating multiple past information about a person is that; the information relating to timeline relatively recent is conveyed first and information relating to relatively distant past is mentioned subsequently. Information about him for the period prior to his becoming: is that he was: "The Authenticating Accomplisher of those who were declared Chosen, Dignified and Elevated Sincere Allegiants of Allah the Exalted." Semantics is the study of how meaning in language is created by the use and interrelationships of words, phrases and sentences. Psychological Manipulators, with intention to foster misconception, never adhere to fundamentals of semantics. They clothe certain aspects of fact-truth with falsehood, and apply technique of "lying by omission". This is a very subtle form of lying by withholding and leaving out important and significant fact-truth to foster a misconception. [ref 3:71]. You might have read hundreds of pages written by various authors discussing the subject of "Finality of 'Prophet' ", based on this Ayah of Qur'aan. Did you notice therein that both words of the Phrase are never discussed and analyzed jointly as an indivisible grammatical unit of the sentence? Did you further notice that no one tells his audience about the meanings, perception, and connotation inherently embedded in various types of Nouns in Arabic, as you will just read about Active Participle and Adjective Resembling Participle who are even otherwise at variance in pattern with each other? It is a definite, singular, masculine Active Participle in accusative case. Participles are formed from Present Tense Active Voice Verb according to specific rules. Active Participle signifies the person, creature or object that performs the action associated with the verb from which it is derived. Participles describe or refer to entities involved in an activity, process, or state. Active participle governs with the government of a verb, if it has the meaning of the present or future tense. If the Active Participle signifies the meaning of past tense, Possessive Phrase is required, as is the case here: . One of the unique feature of an Active participle is that it has a verbal quality. It signifies that it has the same meaning as the Active Voice Verb and can even govern words in the same manner as a verb governs in a sentence. Like a verb, the pronoun of the subject will either be visible or concealed. In the Active Participle, however, the pronoun will be considered visible whenever the Active Participle containing the pronoun precedes a Subject in a sentence. When the Active Participle containing a pronoun follows the subject, the pronouns will be considered concealed. The pronoun of active participle: refers back to: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]. Active Participle also signify a person to whom existence of a particular state or effect is attributed. However, the attribution of a state is not understood to be permanent in an Active Participle. Due to this peculiarity, it is also referred as Verbal Adjective. Used as an adjective, the Active Participle acts as descriptive term. Functioning as predicate, Active Participles reflect the gender of noun that they refer, here: [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]. The meanings of an Active Participle: made from خَتْمٌ-خِتَامٌ Verbal Noun; خَتَمَ-يَخْتَمُ Verb of Root "خ ت م" are evidently of a Person who acts as epilogue and accomplishes, concludes, brings to the ultimate end the action denoted by the verb from which it is derived. One who does this act: he authenticates, legitimizes, sanctifies and affirms that about which he has performed this act. We have earlier read the meanings of "seal" as noun; now let us see its meanings as verb: "To affix a seal in order to prove authenticity or attest to accuracy, legal weight, quality, or another standard". : It is the second Noun of Possessive Phrase. It is [الصفة المشبهة:] Adjective resembling participle derived from Verbal Noun نَبْوَةٌ and نَبَاوَةٌ: Definite; Sound Plural; Masculine; genitive; on the measure "فَعِيلٌ". Adjective resembling participle, or termed as Verbal Adjective, is a noun derived from an intransitive verb. Its pattern is at variance with the pattern of Active Participles and Passive Participles, it is known by usage. Resembling participle is that noun which indicates on the root meaning being an attribute. And this attribute is usually perpetual or intrinsic. The Adjective governs with the government of its verb, without exception, with the condition of dependencies as is the case in Active Participles. When another word is governed with Adjective resembling participle in the nominative state, there is no pronoun in the Adjective. When the governed word is accusative or genitive, then there is a pronoun in the modified-noun. : It denotes many Men who had the attribute signified by the Verb, Verbal Noun and Root " ن ب و" from where it is derived. The basic perception infolded in the Root, in the words of Ibn Faris [d: 1005]:
(مقاييس
اللغة) That it leads to the perception of eminence, elevation, ascension, exaltation of something in relation to others, or distinguished from others. Qur'aan loudly and affectionately pronounces their exalted stature:
It is thus evident from the Root, Verbal Noun, and the peculiar feature of the derived Noun: that it refers to those Men who have the permanent attribute of distinctly elevated and exalted above all others in the created realm; dignified and distinguished from all others; the sincerest. Their par excellence attribute is that they are the personal choice of the Creator of all that exists, Allah the Supremely Exalted Who is pleased to pronounce that they are for ever the best selection in the judgment of Him the Exalted. They constitute exclusively a Unique Group, distinct and exalted from all members of rational species. We are not given the exact number of Men who are the Members of this Unique Group. However, we are informed that Allah the Exalted has granted distinction to some Members of this Group upon its other Members.
Can a person of ordinary prudence think of more conspicuous distinction of a Member of this Unique Group than him who is declared: "The Authenticating Accomplisher of those who are declared Chosen, Dignified and Elevated Sincere Allegiants of Allah the Exalted."? The original purpose of a seal, and act of sealing on accomplishment or finalization of something is to signify completion, approval, sanctity, genuineness, originality, and to legitimize and authenticate. Therefore, the Active Participle: is that Man who affirms, authenticates his entire group .
: It is also an Active participle used as descriptive term for adjectival portrayal of the Messenger Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam. It is derived from Verb of Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. It signifies the Man who verbally affirms-certifies-authenticates. And the act done by him is ; Verb: Perfect; Third person; Singular; Masculine; [Form-II]; hidden pronoun refers Muhammad [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]; and the Object of Verb are: "those Men who were sent as the Messengers of Allah the Exalted to various nations in the timeline". All that we have studied is succinctly and comprehensively inbuilt in the superb Possessive Phrase : Muhammad [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] is the Authenticating Accomplisher of those who are declared Chosen, Dignified and Exalted Sincere Allegiants of Allah the Exalted. We have read the judgment of Allah the Exalted about this unique group of people that they are perpetually the best and exalted as against all the people in the timeline. None else did, nor will ever rise to their exaltation. Muhammad [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] has yet another unique honor. Some of his believers and followers stand elevated to an ascension that none in the timeline till Last Day will equal them. They are declared as all time great against all people who lived or are living after the Conquest of Mecca-the mother of the Cities notwithstanding any quality they might have.
Some of the Psychological manipulators; who applied all techniques at their command to distort and change the perception of others about the superb possessive phrase: , naively forgot to manipulate and distort the meanings and message of this Ayah in their translations and exegeses. They falsely and deceptively self proclaimed a elevated rank of "nabi" and "rasul", forgetting their own translation that they could not even attain status equivalent to that of the followers of the Exalted Messenger Muhammad [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]. Allah the Supreme Sovereign has adjudged about Muna'fi'qeen that they are truly the fools [ref 2:13].
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