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Negative - Negation particle.
Negation is
but human characteristic and it is language universal. However,
languages differ in terms of negative devices and how they are used
to express negation. Languages have its own syntactic, semantic and
morphological devices to express negation. In the text of Grand
Qur'aan we find eight elements that are used to express negation.
Each is unique, syntactically and semantically. Each one
has its specific uses and conditions.
The most
frequently employed particle to express negation is:
.
Others are:
 : Negative and Jussive particle.
It renders the verb in jussive mood and semantically past.
 :
It negates nominal sentences; and perfect and imperfect -
present/future verbs.
 : Negative subjunctive Particle, restricting
imperfect verb to the future tense adding element of emphasis to the
negation. Recurrence: 106
 :
2:113 It is defective/incomplete from the point of
view that it has no Present Tense, no command verb and no passive voice. Also from the point of view of its meanings, it is a verb of negation
that is used to negate noun sentences. The subject of sentence is called its Ism-Noun
and is in nominative case/state and its predicate is in accusative
case/state.
 :
3:142 (6)
It is also used as a particle inferring the continuous negation of the past.
Like the particle Lam, it utilizes the form of present-tense verb
while converting the negation to the past.
 : Negative "nafia" In this function the particle is usually followed
by particle "Illa". In English this construction is translated by only,
9:107 [their intention is nothing but good] 75:25
The particle of
Negation may be entered upon both nominal and verbal sentences. Some
grammarians are of the view that the meaning of negation is only found
when this particle is combined with particle Illa or combined with the
particle of negation Lamma-86:04.
In refutation of that view others offer the following
verses where no other particle is present-10:68
and 72:25
 :
It occurs once in 38:3
Particle:
occurs with
slight variation in writing with or without a space from preceding
constituent:
:
812 + 658 = 1,470
 :
658: Space is not given in between conjunction particle and negation
particle when it is in the conjunct clause.
Depending upon the location of its use, it is also
spelled as:
 when
the preceding word is joined with it in pronunciation;
as:
when the preceding word is joined
with it in pronunciation; and sound elongation sign is for being
followed by a vowel-ed hamza; and as:
when followed by a vowel-ed hamza.
It is employed for following functions with varying
syntax and semantics:
(1)
الزائدة:
وتفيد التوكيد
: Extraneous, it indicates emphasis - focus. It is used to negate
only a constituent.
(2)
النَّاْفِيَةُ لِلْجِنْسِ:
Used to indicate categorical
negation.
Its particularity is that it
negates something about the entire genus represented by its subject.
Its visual recognition is
that it renders the following noun, which is its topic/subject, in accusative
case and the comment/ predicate nominative, just
as is done by the
verb-like particle: انّ
and its sisters. What
was previously known as the: مبتدأ subject/ topic
of nominal sentence, it will
now be called: “اسم"
of "لا”,
the subject noun of genus negation particle;
and what was previously called:
خبر the
predicate, it will
now be the “خير "of "لا”
predicate of genus negation particle. It
restricts focus on a constituent, subject in general, which immediately
follows it.
Its subject is always indefinite
and without tanwin - nunation. Its predicate (mostly elided) is in
nominative case.
-
This is
the Book, you will find reading it that
its contents are absolutely void of
peeving substance: suspicious, conjectural, whimsical, conflicting,
ambiguous, anomalous, irrational, un-certain, illusory,
unsubstantiated,
incongruous, biased
and opinionated matter.
[refer 2:02]
The
predicate: 
itself is an elliptical sentence wherein the predicate of genus
negation particle:
is elided but is conspicuously understood by
the following prepositional phrase.
(3)
النَّاْفِيَةُ:
Simple Negation: (a)
It is used to negate imperfect tense
where intonation does not effect its
interpretation; (b) It is employed to
negate a nominal sentence;
It negates present and future tenses. It occurs before
the verb that is in indicative mood.
.gif)
 
-
General information about
those who have disavowed the Creator—veiled the Truth is that:
-
Whether you
the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]
have
cautioned them
of potential consequences or have not cautioned them,
the effect upon them would remain alike;
-
They believe not.
[for reasons hereinafter given].
[2:06]
It does not negate perfect tenses
except in "neither ----- nor" construction, it has only one instance where it is used
with perfect verb in 75:31. There is yet another instance where it
precedes a seemingly perfect verb in 90:11 but it is a subjunctive verb
because this negation particle cannot precede a perfect verb. Perfect verbs
are used as subjunctive verbs with negation particle to express negative
wish.
 
 
-
Thereby, he did not affirm the
truth - appreciate the message - nor
he paid reverence—[75:31]
-
Instead, he contradicted and
about-faced; [75:32]
-
Thereafter, he went towards his household,
purposely swaggering. [75:33]
 
Negation of a proposition in nominal sentences:
.gif)
 
-
We said: "You go down out of this place
jointly-together.
-
Take note
thenceforth whenever guidance-guide from Me would have come to you people;
-
Thereat, whoever would have followed
in letter and spirit My Guidance in such
manner that nothing else influences in between;
-
Thereby, fear will not
overshadow-haunt such class of people.
-
Neither will they have a cause to
feel sad or grieved". [2:38]
(4)
الناهية:
Prohibitive. It renders the following imperfect verb in jussive mood.
It is negative imperative expressing the meanings that the activity
signified by the verb should not be undertaken/carried out. It is
employed to stimulate a negative focus.
(5) المكرّرة
: When it is repeated in a sentence, it indicates
"neither......nor" construction. It is used both in perfect verbal
sentences and nominal sentences before the subject and also in the
predicate; also in adjectival clause and circumstantial clause.
Other occurrences of negative particle with suffixes
Interrogative particle + Conjunction
فَ
which shows cause and effect +
Negation particle
.
(1)2:44(2)2:76(3)3:65(4)4:82(5)5:74(6)6:32(7)6:50(8)6:80(9)7:65(10) 7:169(11)10:03(12)10:16(13)10:31(14)11:24(15)11:30(16)11:51
(17)12:109(18)16:17(19)20:89(20)21:10(21)21:30(22)21:44(23)21:67(24)23:23(25)23:32(26)23:80(27)23:85(28)23:87(29)28:60 (30)28:71(31)28:72(32)32:04(33)32:26(34)32:27(35)36:35(36)36:68(37)36:73(38)37:138(39)37:155(40)43:51(41)45:23(42)47:24
(43)51:21(44)88:17(45)100:09=45
 Prefixed conjunction
فَ
which shows cause and effect +
Negation
Particle. (1)2:22(2)2:38(3)2:86(4)2:102(5)2:132(6)2:147(7)2:150(8)2:158(9)2:187(10)2:193(11)2:197(12) 2:229(13)2:229(14)2:230(15)2:230(16)2:232(17)2:233(18)2:233(19)2:234(20)2:240(21)3:60(22)3:160(23)3:175(24)3:188(25)4:20(26)4:23(27)4:34(28)4:46(29)4:65(30)4:89(31)4:128(32)4:129(33) 4:135(34)4:140(35)4:155(36)5:03(37)5:26(38)5:44(39)5:68(40)5:69(41)6:17(42)6:35(43)6:48(44)6:68(45)6:114(46)6:136(47)6:150(48)6:160(49)7:02(50)7:35(51)7:99(52)7:150(53)7:186(54)7:195 (55)8:15(56)9:28(57)9:36(58)9:55(59)10:49(60)10:88(61)10:94(62)10:107(63)10:107(64)11:17(65)11:36(66)11:46(67)11:109(68)12:60(69)12:69(70)13:11(71)14:22(72)14:47(73)15:55(74)15:68 (75)16:01(76)16:74(77)16:85(78)17:23(79)17:33(80)17:48(81)17:56(82)18:22(83)18:70(84)18:76(85)18:105(86)19:84(87)20:16(88)20:108(89)20:112(90)20:117(91)20:123(92)21:37(93)21:40(94) 21:47(95)21:94(96)22:67(97)23:94(98)24:28(99)25:09(100)25:52(101)26:213(102)28:28(103)28:35(104)28:84(105)28:86(106)29:08(107)30:39(108)31:15(109)31:23(110)31:33(111)32:17(112) 32:23(113)33:32(114)33:51(115)33:59(116)34:51(117)35:02(118)35:02(119)35:05(120)35:08(121)36:43(122)36:50(123)36:76(124)40:04(125)40:40(126)43:61(127)46:08(128)46:13(129)47:13 (130)47:35(131)51:59(132)53:32(133)55:35(134)58:09(135)60:10(136)68:08(137)68:42(138)72:13(139)72:18(140)72:26(141)75:31(142)87:06(143)90:11(144)93:09(145) 93:10=145
 Prefixed conjunction
فَ
which shows cause and effect +
Negation
Particle, with sound stretching sign. (1)2:173(2)2:182(3)2:203(4)2:203(5)10:104(6)23:101(7) 56:75(8)69:38(9)70:40(10)81:15(11)84:16=11
Interrogative Particle +
Negation Particle
(1)9:13(2)9:49(3)12:59(4)24:22(5)26:11(6)26:25(7)26:106(8)26:124(9)26:142(10)26:161(11)26:177(12)37:91(13)37:124(14)39:03(15) 39:05(16)51:27(17)67:14(18)83:04=18
 Interrogative particle +
Conjunction وَ
+
Negation
particle.
(1)2:77(2)9:126(3)19:67=3
 =
 +Subordinating
conjunction, Subjunctive particle + Negation Particle.(1)2:229(2)2:229(3)2:246(4)2:246(5)2:282(6)2:282(7)3:41(8)3:64(9)3:170(10)3:176(11)3:183 (12)4:03(13)4:03(14)4:03(15)5:08(16)5:71(17)6:119(18)6:151(19)7:12(20)8:34(21)9:92(22)9:97(23)11:02(24)12:40(25)14:12(26)15:32(27)17:02(28)17:23(29)19:10(30)19:24(31)20:89(32)20:93 (33)20:118(34)26:03(35)27:25(36)27:31(37)41:14(38)41:30(39)46:21(40)53:38(41)55:08(42)57:10(43)57:29(44)80:07=44
+Subordinating
conjunction, Subjunctive particle + Negation Particle, with prolongation
sign. (1)19:48=1
Prefixed particle of purpose +
[المصدريّة],
Subordinating conjunction, [ناصب]
Subjunctive particle +
[النافية]
Particle of Negation.
(1)2:150(2)4:165=2
Prefixed particle of purpose +
[المصدريّة],
Subordinating conjunction,
Subjunctive particle +
Particle of Negation.
(1)57:29=1
 Particle of
purpose +
Gerundival Particle indicating reason; that
renders verb in subjunctive and
futuristic connotation+ Negation particle.
(1)3:153(2) 57:23=2
 Particle of
purpose +
Gerundival Particle that renders verb in subjunctive and
futuristic connotation + Negation particle. (1)22:05(2)33:50=2
Progressive number of grammatical units:
= 10,547 + 1,470 = 12,017
Home
00018.
the aberrant/astray - the unaware - the
unmindful - engrossed in deep thinking
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