Root: ص د ق
Words from this Root in the Grand Qur’ān:
a) Total occurrences: 155
b) No of constructions: 63
Nouns: 43 Recurrence: 124; Verbs: 20 Recurrence: 31 [Form-I: 15; Form-II: 13; Form-V: 3]
It occurs in 49 chapters/Sura
Learned Ibn Faris [died 1005] stated in his classic مقاييس اللغة :
الصاد والدال والقاف أصلٌ
يدلُّ على قوّةٍ
في الشيء قولاً وغيرَه. من ذلك الصِّدْق:
خلاف الكَذِبَ، سمِّيَ لقوّته في نفسه، ولأنَّ الكذِبَ لا قُوَّة له، هو
باطل
والصَّدَاق صَدَاقَ المرأة، سُمِّيَ بذلك لقوّته وأنَّه حقٌّ يَلزم
That it leads to the perception of strength, solidity, intensity, force, effectiveness of a thing, be it a verbal statement or otherwise. It is thus used for a veracious statement since it has the inherent strength of accuracy and precision. Its antonym is a lie and false statement since it lacks strength, effectiveness and durability; it is like scum.
That it signifies the dower, dowry, a gift a man promises to give to the woman for marriage. It is so named because of its force and it is obligated right of the woman on becoming wife.
Lane Lexicon quotes: "Er-Rághib says that صِدْقٌ and كَذِبٌ are primarily in what is said, whether relating to the past or to the future, and [in the latter case] whether it be a promise or other than a promise; and only in what is said in the way of information: but sometimes they are in other modes of speech, such as asking a question, and commanding, and supplicating;"
The perception infolded in the Root thus
relates to two inter-related semantic frames:
Semantic Frame: Candidness; and
Semantic Frame: Giving (gift, charity, generosity; voluntary and for wives obligated)
It has three core elements:
The Speaker who produces the message - assertion - statement, the truth or sincerity of which is at issue. And addressee is the person to whom the message is communicated.
Similarly in its frame Giving there is a donor who transfers a Worthwhile thing (Theme) to a Recipient, the entity that ends up in the possession of Worthwhile thing. Its non-core element is the circumstances in which the Worthwhile thing is given,
The words made from this Root have 155 recurrences in the text of Grand Qur’ān. Mostly, it is in relation to concept-semantic frame of Candidness: "In communication, Truth, true statement-expression which is infallible in essence"; and only 24 times it is used that relate to semantic frame of Giving donation, gifts of generosity, and giving something with no strings attached.
Contra. Root: ك ذ ب
Related Roots:
Root: خ ر ق Root: ف ر ى Root: و ص ف
to say, utter, tell the truth, to fulfill one's promise, of the morning to shine clearly, to be true, steadfastness, charity, alms, to give alms to poor, dowry.
Nouns
1 | Elative Noun (comparative and superlative-Verbal noun: صِدْقٌ]): Indefinite; Masculine; singular; nominative. (1)4:87(2)4:122=2 اسم التفضيل:-مرفوع-واحد مذكر |
2 | Active participle: Definite, feminine; sound plural; accusative. (1) 33:35=1 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام-منصوب-جمع مؤنث |
3 | Active participle: Definite, masculine; sound plural; nominative (1) 49:15(2)59:08=2 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- مرفوع-جمع سالم مذكر |
5 |
Verbal Noun: Definite; genitive. (1)46:16=1 مصدر:معرفہ باللام:مجرور |
6 | Noun: Definite; plural; feminine; accusative/genitive. (1)2:271(2)2:276(3) 9:58(4)9:79(5)9:104=5 اسم:معرفہ باللام منصوب/مجرور-جمع سالم مؤنث |
7 | Noun: Definite; plural; feminine; nominative. (1)9:60=1 اسم:معرفہ باللام مرفوع-جمع سالم مؤنث |
8 | Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive Adjective/Intensive Active participle: Definite; Singular; Masculine; nominative; (1)12:46=1 اسم المبالغة-معرفہ باللام-مرفوع--واحد مذكر |
9 | Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive Adjective/Intensive Active participle: Definite; sound plural; Masculine; nominative; (1) 57:19=1 اسم المبالغة-معرفہ باللام-مرفوع--جمع مذكر |
10 |
Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive Adjective/Intensive Active participle: Definite; sound plural; Masculine; genitive; (1)4:69=1 اسم المبالغة-معرفہ باللام-مجرور-جمع مذكر |
11 | Active participle:: Definite; feminine; Sound plural; accusative; [Form-V]. (1)33:35=1 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام-منصوب-جمع سالم مؤنث |
12 | Active Participle: Definite; Sound plural; Masculine; accusative; Form-V] (1)12:88(2)33:35=2 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- منصوب-جمع سالم مذكر |
13 | Active participle:: Definite; feminine; Sound plural; accusative; [Form-V]. (1)57:18=1 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام-منصوب-جمع سالم مؤنث |
14 | Active participle: Plural; masculine; Accusative; [Form V] (1) 57:18=1 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- منصوب-جمع سالم مذكر/باب افعال |
Ta assimilated. |
15 | Active participle: Plural; masculine; Accusative; [Form IV] (1) 37:52=1 اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- منصوب-جمع سالم مذكر/باب افعال |
16 | Prepositional Phrase: بـِ Inseparable preposition + Verbal Noun: Definite; Genitive. (1)39:32(2)39:33=2 جار و مجرور= بـِ حرف جر + مصدر:معرفہ باللام:مجرور |
17 | Prepositional Phrase: بـِ Inseparable preposition + Noun: Indefinite; singular; feminine; genitive. (1)4:114=1 جار و مجرور= بـِ حرف جر + اسم: مجرور-واحد مؤنث |
19 | Verbal Noun: Indefinite; accusative; [Form-II]. (1)10:37(2)12:111=2 مصدر:منصوب |
20 |
Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; accusative (1)19:54=1 اسم فاعل -منصوب-واحد-مذکر |
21 |
Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; accusative (1)40:28=1 اسم فاعل -منصوب-واحد-مذکر |
23 | Verbal Noun: Indefinite; genitive. (1)10:02(2)10:93(3)17:80(4)17:80(5)19:50(6) 26:84(7)54:55=7-4=3 مصدر: مجرور (2)10:93(3)17:80(4)17:80(6) 26:84=4 |
24 |
25 | Noun: Indefinite; regular plural; feminine; genitive. (1)58:13=1 اسم: مجرورجمع سالم مؤنث |
28 | Noun: Indefinite; singular; feminine; genitive. (1)2:196(2)2:263=2 اسم: مجرور-واحد مؤنث |
29 |
Noun: Indefinite; singular; feminine; accusative. (1)9:103(2)58:12=2 اسم: منصوب-واحد مؤنث |
32 | Noun: Indefinite; singular; masculine; genitive (1)26:101=1 اسم: مجرور-واحد مذكر |
33 | Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive participle: Indefinite; Singular; Masculine; accusative; ( مصدر-صِدْقٌ Verbal Noun) (1)19:41(2)19:56=2 اسم المبالغة--منصوب-واحد مذكر |
34 | Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive Active participle: Indefinite; Singular; Feminine; nominative (1)5:75=1 اسم المبالغة--مرفوع-واحد مؤنث |
36 | Prefixed Emphatic particle + Active Participle: Definite; singular; Masculine; nominative. (1)51:05=1 لام التوكيد-المزحلقة + اسم فاعل: مرفوع-واحد مذكر |
37 | Prefixed Emphatic particle + Active Participle: Definite; Sound plural; Masculine; nominative. (1)6:146(2)12:82(3)15:64(4)27:49=4 لام التوكيد-المزحلقة + اسم فاعل: مرفوع-جمع سالم مذكر |
38 | Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; nominative; [Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. (1)2:89(2)2:101=2 اسم فاعل-مرفوع-واحد-مذکر-باب تَفْعِيل |
39 |
Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; nominative; [Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:81(2)46:12=2 اسم فاعل-مرفوع-واحد-مذکر-باب تَفْعِيل |
40 |
Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; nominative; [Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. (1)6:92=1 اسم فاعل-مرفوع-واحد-مذکر-باب تَفْعِيل |
42 | Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; accusative; [Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:39=1 اسم فاعل-منصوب-واحد-مذکر-باب تَفْعِيل |
43 | Active participle: Indefinite, masculine; singular; accusative; [Form-II]; مصدر-تَصْدِيْقٌ Verbal noun. (1)61:06=1 اسم فاعل-منصوب-واحد-مذکر-باب تَفْعِيل |
Verbs Form-I
2 | Verb: Perfect; Third person; Singular; Masculine; Intransitive; مصدر-صِدْقٌ Verbal Noun. ( 1)3:95(2)33:22(3)36:52(4)48:27=4 فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الفتح /صيغة:-واحد مذكرغائب |
8 | Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Perfect; third person; singular; feminine; ت feminine marker; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-صِدْقٌ Verbal Noun. (1)12:26=1 حرف فَ + فعل ماضٍ مبني على الفتح/ تَاء التانيث الساكنة/ الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:هِىَ/-واحد مؤنث غائب |
Verbs Form-II
Verbs Form-V
1 | Verb: Perfect; Third person; Singular; Masculine; [Form-V]; مصدر-تَصُدُّقٌ Verbal Noun. (1)5:45=1 فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الفتح /الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:هُوَ-واحد مذكرغائب-باب تفعّل |
4 | Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Imperfect; First person; singular; masculine; Mood: Subjunctive; [Form-V]; Subject Pronoun hidden; مصدر-تَصَدُّقٌ Verbal Noun (1)63:10=1 حرف فَ + فعل مضارع منصوب و علامة نصبه الفتح/الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:أَنَا-واحد متكلم/باب تفعّل |