Root: س و د

Words from this Root in the Grand Qur’ān:

a) Total occurrences: 10 

b) No of constructions: 9

Noun: 7; Recurrence: 8; Verb: 2 [Form-IX]

Ibn Faris [died 1005] stated:

(مقاييس اللغة)

السين والواو والدال أصلٌ واحد، وهو خلاف البياضِ في اللّونِ، ثم يحمل عليه ويشتقّ منه. فالسَّواد في اللّون معروف.

That it is opposite of white, whiteness, oviparous in colour; and then other meanings are derived from it; black, blackness in colour is well known.

Lane Lexicon: He was, or became, [a سَيِّد, i. e. chief, lord, master, &c.; or] possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility.  It, and he, became أَسْوَد [i. e. black]: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ اسوادّ it, or he, became intensely so.

Classical Lexicons

Apparently the words stemming from this Root have widely divergent meanings of black colour and for referring a person for honour, dignity, eminence but later meanings do relate to the psyche of black colour. In color psychologyblack's color meaning is symbolic of mystery, power, elegance, and sophistication. In contrast, the color meaning can also evoke emotions such as sadness and anger reflected by facial expression.


  • Sexually inciting preliminary activities directed towards your wives were permissible during the night of the Fasting for you people.

  • اپنی بیویوں کے ساتھ جنسی خواہشات ابھارنے والے عوامل  رمضان کی راتوں میں تم لوگوں کے لئے(تمہارے گمان کے برعکس)حلال تھے۔

Root: ر ف ث

  • They (respective) wives are apparel for you people and you are apparel for them.

  • وہ(بیویاں)تم لوگوں(خاوندوں)کے لئے لباس ہیں،اور تم(خاوند)ان کے لئے لباس ہو۔

  • Allah the Exalted has known-observed that by self imposed restriction you people diligently kept lessening-suppressing the rights of your own selves. Thereby, He the Exalted has paid attention upon you to move you out of self imposed restrictions, and has since removed erroneous perception away from you.

  • اللہ تعالیٰ نے جان لیا ہے کہ تم لوگ سخت کوشش سے اپنے آپ کو روک کرخود اپنے ساتھ حق تلافی کرتے رہے ہو،اس لئے ان جناب نے تم پر توجہ فرما کر اس خود ساختہ پابندی کی وضاحت کر دی ہے۔اور اس گمان کو تم سے دور کر دیا ہے۔

Root: خ و ن 

  • Therefore, after this clarification henceforth undertake mutual-consented intercourse with them in the nights of fasting and you people seek its result [not son or daughter but] that which Allah the Exalted has written for you people.

  • اس لئے اس نکتے کی وضاحت ہو جانے پر اب جاؤ ان (اپنی بیوی)سے باہمی خواہش سے مباشرت کرو اور اس کی خواہش و جستجو کرو جو اللہ تعالیٰ نے تمہارے لئے لکھ دیا ہوا ہے۔

  • And you people eat and drink during the night till the horizontal white line renders itself for you people distinguishable emerging from unfolding of the day - daybreak—delineated from the horizontal line-layer of black-obscure colour —

  • اور رات کے دوران کھاتے پیتے رہو اس لمحے تک جب  متوازی سفید  لکیر اپنے آپ کو تم لوگوں کے لئے کالی لکیر سے متمیز اور عیاں کر دے (صبح صادق،سحر کے بعد)، یہ وقت ا س رات کی فجر(پو پھوٹنے،طلوع روشنی)سے قبل ہے۔

Root: خ ى ط

  • Thereafter, you are directed to complete the fast spatiotemporally towards the setting in of night -Sun set: beginning of a new lunar day.

  • بعد ازاں تم لوگ روزوں (اجتناب  جنسی ،کھاناپینا)کو مکمل کرو رات کی جانب(نئے قمری دن کی جانب)۔

  • Take note; you people should not establish intimate mutually consented matrimonial contact-intercourse on visiting them (respective wives) during the currency of the period you are devotee in reclusion inside the Mosques.

  • رمضان کی راتوں میں ایک پابندی ہے،  جب تم لوگ مسجدوں میں اعتکاف میں ہو تو گھر آنے پر تمہیں اپنی بیویوں سے مباشرت نہیں کرنا چاہئے۔

  • These—afore stated are the limits-restraints-demarcations prescribed by Allah the Exalted; Therefore, you people should not approach their boundaries [overstep/transgress-2:229].

  • یہ بیان کردہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی مقرر کردہ حدود ہیں اس لئے تم لوگوں کو چاہئے کہ ان سے تجاوز کرنے کے خواہشمند مت بنو۔

  • This is how Allah the Exalted explicitly explicates His Aa'ya'at: Verbal  Passages of Qur’ān rendering each point-concept-situation distinctly isolated and crystal clear for the people—

  • اس تقابلی انداز میں اللہ تعالیٰ اپنی آیات کو لوگوں کے فہم کے لئے متمیز اور واضح فرما دیتے ہیں۔

  • So that they might endeavour to protect their selves. [2:187]

  • اس کا مقصد یہ ہے کہ وہ  اپنے آپ کو محفوظ و مامون بنا سکیں(مقررہ حدود کے اندر   رہ کر)۔


  • His prayer was accepted whereby the Angels called upon him (Zakaria [alai'his'slaam]), while he was standing for As-sa'laat: Time Bound Protocol of Servitude and allegiance, in the Secluded Chamber —

  • That, "Indeed, Allah the Exalted congratulates you with good news of Yahya —

  •  He will be an affirmer and testifier; this news conveyed to you is with the word- promise of Allah the Exalted.

  • And he will be honoured as distinguished dignitary and encircled by people in attendance; and at birth would be Elevated-Chosen Servant [Nabi], one of the righteous". [3:39]


  • [a severe punishment in wait for them] On the Day when some faces will be brightened and some faces blackened.

  • Thereat, as for those whose faces blackened, they will be asked (by Angels who recognize by apparent signs): "Did you people disavowed after remaining in the state of belief?

  • Therefore, you people taste and suffer the punishment for the reason that you you kept disavowing." [3:106]

Root: ذ و ق


  • [reverting from parenthetic] And he and she swiftly ran towards the exit door, she racing in effort to catch him cleaved - creased his short from the back —

Root: س ب ق

  • (Yusuf managed open the exit-door) And they both found her husband nearing the door.

 

  • [perplexed by unexpected arrival of her husband and reflective scene of rushing out] She said, "What could be the punishment for him who intended evil with your household except imprisonment or some painful infliction?" [12:25]

Root: س ج ن


  • And when one of them is congratulated with news of daughter's birth, his face is veiled blackish,  becoming exhibitor of  darkened expression —

  • While he is in a state of disconcert — [16:58]


  • And they said, "Our Sustainer Lord! it is true that we accepted the word of our religious leaders/clergy and our elite elders whereby they made us straying from the Path. [33:67]


  • Do you not see [reflect/study/investigate] that Allah the Exalted dropped water from the sky —

  • Thereby Our Majesty sprouted fruits with it (water). Noticeable peculiarity of these fruits is that their colours give varying hue —

  • And Our Majesty took out with it (water) stripes/streaks, white and reddish, from some of the mountains; their (stripes/streaks) colours give varying hue —

  • And some mountains are intrinsically intensely/jet black. [35:27]

   Mountains


  • And on the Day of Rising you will see those who conjectured false sayings attributing to Allah that their faces have dark/blackened look.

  •  Is it not that in Hell-Prison is the abode of the arrogant/suffering from misconception of greatness. [39:60]


 

  • And when any of them is congratulated with news of that which he illustratively ascribed for Ar'Reh'maan the Exalted—

  • His face is veiled blackish, becoming exhibitor of darkened expression. And he is in state of disconcert. [43:17]


 

Nouns

1

Adjective resembling participle [from سَوَادٌ]: Definite; masculine; singular; genitive. (1)2:187=1

                         الصفة المشبهة:-معرفہ باللام مجرور-واحد مذكر

 
2

Possessive Phrase: Adjective resembling participle: Indefinite; broken plural; Masculine; accusative [from سِيَادَةٌ]  + Possessive pronoun: First person; plural; in genitive state. (1)33:67=1

           الإِضَافَةُ-الصفة المشبهة:-منصوب-جمع مكسر مذكر/مضافضمير متصل-جمع متكلم في محل جر-مضاف إليه

 
3

Adjective resembling participle [from سَوَادٌ]: Definite; broken plural; masculine; genitive. (1)35:27=1 

                     الصفة المشبهة:- مرفوع-جمع مكسر مؤنث

 
4

Adjective resembling participle [from سِيَادَةٌ]: Indefinite; Singular; Masculine; accusative; (1)3:39=1 

                         الصفة المشبهة:-منصوب-واحد مذكر

 
5

Possessive Phrase: Adjective resembling participle [from سِيَادَةٌ]: Indefinite; Singular; Masculine; accusative  + Possessive pronoun: Third person; singular; feminine; in genitive state. (1)12:25=1

  الإِضَافَةُ-الصفة المشبهة:-منصوب-واحد مذكر/مضاف +  ضمير متصل مبنى على الفتح  في محل جرواحد مؤنث غائب-مضاف إليه

 
6

Passive Participle: Indefinite; masculine; singular; masculine; accusative; [Form-IX]; (1)16:58(2)43:17=2 

                                          اسم مفعول:-منصوب-واحد مذكر

 
7

Passive participle: Indefinite; singular; feminine; nominative; [Form-IX]; مصدر-تَسْوِيمٌ Verbal Noun. (1)39:60=1

                                                اسم مفعول:- مرفوع-واحد مؤنث

 

Verb

1

Verb: Perfect; Third Person; Singular; feminineت feminine marker; [Form-IX]; مصدر-إِسْوِدَادٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:106=1

                                                    فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الفتح + تَاء التانيث الساكنة/صيغة:واحد مؤنث غائب-باب إِفْعَلّ 

 
2

Verb: Imperfect; Third Person; Singular; feminine; Mood: Indicative; [Form-IX]; intransitive; مصدر-إِسْوِدَادٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:106=1

           فعل مضارع مرفوع بالضمة/صيغة-واحد مؤنث غائب /باب إِفْعَلَّ