Man is declared and appointed: خَلِيفَةًۭ self-ruler in the Earth endowed with Freewill

Freewill turns them into:

(i) كَافِرٌۭ and مُّؤْمِنٚ

(ii) ٱلْمُتَّقِيـنَ   and قَوْمًۭا لُّدًّۭا

(iii) ٱلْمُسْلِمُونَ and ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ

(iii) حِزْبُ ٱللَّهِ and حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَٟنِ

(iv) شَرُّ ٱلْبَـرِيَّةِ  and خَيْـرُ ٱلْبَـرِيَّةِ

(v) Upshot Hell-Prison and Paradise

(vi) ٱلْمُنَٟفِقُونَ - Impostor believers - Upshot: Worst part of Hell-Prison

1. One of the epithets of Qur’ān is: ٱلذِّكْرُ and its attribute is: ذِى ٱلذِّكْرِ, which describes it as Grand Memoir of eternity to eternity: the holder, the container of history covering both past and the future while itself always remaining in the middle ever-present.

2. The major chunk of the text of Grand Qur’ān comprises of narrative. Narrative-Factual Recount: Narrative texts have to do with real-world events and time. The purposes of narrative may be to inform—correct misconceptions and distortions of history, to persuade and to change attitudes/social opinions. Narrative writing uses time as its deep structure. The main structural components of a narrative are the orientation, the complication and the resolution. Language features of narrative text:

• Adverb of time.

• Past tense, except in conversations.

• Time conjunction (when, then, thereat, suddenly, etc)

• Specific character. The character of the episode is specific, not general.

• Action-dynamic verbs. A verb that shows an action.

• The vocabulary is usually everyday language, depending on the subject matter.

• Direct speech. It is to make the episode lively.

3. The main structural components of a narrative are the orientation, the complication and the resolution, and may include a concluding statement or comment in order to sum up the message.

4. In fiction, structure of drama or narrative is usually divided into five parts, or acts which is referred by some as dramatic arc: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement; resolution, revelation or catastrophe.

5. Man is inveterate story teller and story listener. Man is interested in knowing his origin. The gossip mongers taking advantage of human desire fabricate imaginative stories and hypothesis without factual premises to fascinate people for their advantage. Grand Qur’ān is Enlightenment. It is therefore obvious that it could not miss prioritizing for the elevated Messenger to enlighten the humanity about their origin:

• Know the history of the point in time when the Sustainer Lord of you the Messenger said to the Angles: "Be informed, I am about to appoint - declare Adam as self-ruler enjoying liberty of decision making — freewill in the Earth."

• They (the Angels) opined saying: "Are You the Exalted rendering him the self-ruler therein who will create therein imbalance-mischief-disquiet and will shed bloods/talk floating vanity—will make voluble speeches—In the circumstances, while considering and celebrating that axis and goal of all struggles is approval and appreciation of You the Exalted we keep executing the assigned duties being cognizant that Infinite Glory, Praise and absolute expression of gratitude (ٱلْحَمْدُ) is exclusive for You the Exalted; and we are cognizant of Your sanctity and Absoluteness?".

• He the Exalted replied: "The fact is that I best know that about which you people have no knowledge". [2:30]

6. The address is interrupted using rhetorical device "apostrophe" turning to the exalted Messenger while addressing humanity.  It is he to firstly get the breaking news about any informative fact either in the remote past or in the distant future. Simultaneously, every member of the humanity reading the book in timeline is taken to their earliest days of existence making them abreast how wonderful and honoured was their extraterrestrial living in Paradise. Persuasive aspect continues with regard to the command in 2:21.

7. The Divine Discourse concatenates facts in perfect sequence and chronological order. This is the First Narrative - Episode - real life event when a decision was taken about the future of Man in the very early period of his existence in the extraterrestrial land.

8. Firstly, they are informed in what state they were descended to the Earth in an honourable manner and with full liberty to enjoy real freewill: خَلِيفَةًۭ. It was not a "catastrophe", not a punishment of sin. It was a new "exposition" - beginning. However, pseudo-intellectuals continue gossiping to the extent of some fools who even guess "birthday" of First man fascinating and befooling people.

9. The natural sequence of acquainting people about two events of remote history is that the more recent is mentioned first and the other of distant past later on. The other way of communication of a single episode - Narrative- a Real-Life Event is starting from the first event to the last event which is called in Arabic: ٱلْقَصَصُ; it denotes narrating the episode in the exact manner of its actual happening—displaying  pictures of it clip by clip, image by image: the footage in present day parlance so that the activity and actual happening could be visualized by the listener and reader.

10. The second object of Active participle: جَاعِلٌۭ  is elided . It governs like a verb when it is interpreted in the meaning of present or future-tense. Active Participle must be used instead of the present continuous tense if the intention is to describe a current action, as was the case at the point in time of above address. Angels knew him. He was Aadam, the First Man in Human Species. He was already created as fully mature man. Allah the Exalted informs us about history of the Creation of Man in picturesque verbal presentation in the Grand Qur’ān that we might conveniently visualize the happenings.

• Know the history, when Our Majesty had issued command for the Angles, "You people pay obeisance for Aadam". Since none of the Angels ever disobeys the command, thereby, they all (Angels) paid obeisance to him.

• However, Ieb'lees (in response to the command given to him separately-7:12) did not pay obeisance —He considered it not worthy of his dignity and ego —While Self obsessed-puffed with delusion of grandeur and superiority he aspired aggrandisement. And thus became the first/leader who refuse to acknowledge paying obeisance to those given exaltation by Allah the Exalted. [2:34]

11. It was the turning point of the entire history of creation; the "protagonist" -ءَادَمُ Aadam (Proper Noun - name of the First Man), the basic cause of the created realm, is to receive in a ceremony the welcome, salute and obeisance from the Species created earlier than him. We must realize the importance of this episode since it is the first choice of all the episodes mentioned in the Grand Qur’ān. This is the only episode; if we carefully read and understand it throwing away ridiculous stories fabricated by pseudo-scholars, we will find — it warps us in space-time in two universes - extraterrestrial and the Earthly. We are woven in the centre of time-string rendering us living in the past and in the future simultaneously.

12. Let us express our gratitude to Allah the Exalted for affording great honour by this direction to the earlier existing living beings of freewill for paying an exalted ceremonial reception and welcome to First Human Person, named Aadam.

13. Please retain in memory that we are studying from the book which is described by epithet: ٱلنُّورَ Light—Enlightenment; and are listening the "recorded statements-speech" of the person who is declared: سِرَاجٙا مُّنِيـرٙا the Luminary of unique prominence and outshining the entire created realm.  We need not acquire an intra-universe "wormhole". The book and he will make us much ahead of NASA's discovering and making "Warp Bubbles" since they will enable only interstellar travel, while we in our imagination are travelling beyond the extremities of the Sky. Our guide lord Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam did physically travel warping space-time, therefore, since then it is not a fiction but a scientific reality.

14. After the ceremony and unpleasant happening Aadam and his wife were made to stay as guests in the Paradise. We skip that part of the Episode and revert to the proclamation that was made for the Angels about declaring and appointing him as: خَلِيفَةًۭ in the Earth. It shows the time-frame that the advice of not tasting and eating the fruit of just one female tree in the Paradise had been violated. It was declared at the time of making him stay as guest in the Paradise that violation of solitary advice will cause him to leave Paradise.

15. The sentence is the verbatim quote of what was stated by Allah the Exalted for the information of the Angels. The person who was being declared/appointed as self-governing is not named in the quote. The idea and thought/decision of the speaker is considered as conveyed and fully perceived by the listener when the listener does not feel necessity of an enquiry about any element in the stated statement. Both the Speaker and the listeners knew as to who is the referred Person/Being. Therefore, no question raised about the object Aadam and instead an opinion about his future course of conduct in the Earth was submissively expressed by the Angels.

16. A direct object may be dropped if the grammar and the meaning allow it. If this is the case, it is often considered more eloquent to drop since concise speech is eloquent speech. I can understand why George Sale and John Rodwell were rather funny and playful in translating this sentence but what is annoying is that the majority of believing translators followed them. George Sale rendered it as: "I am going to place a substitute on earth". His sentence is odd and incomplete. The word "substitute" is only used when the other is also mentioned in place of which something or somebody is placed. Joh Rodwell rendered it as: "Verily, I am about to place one in my stead on earth,". It seems he was more concerned to rectify the mistake and ridiculousness of Sale's sentence by mentioning who was being substituted—"my stead". Word "stead" means: place of another: the position or role of somebody or something else.

17. Many translators have rendered this word: خَلِيفَةًۭ as "viceroy, vicegerent" which means a governor who represents a sovereign in a colony or country, and a ruler's administrative deputy.

17. Grand Qur’ān is the best lexicon for its vocabulary. Majority of translators and interpreters have seldom noticed the unique feature in the diction of Qur’ān that it uses and introduces words in such manner that its meanings and semantics is self evident at its very first mention. The meanings of: خَلِيفَةًۭ were very clear for the Angels; and for us are also very vivid by reading their response opinion.  It is a matter of commonsense that only he can create disturbances and blood shed who has liberty, authority, power and free-will.

18. It is Adjective resembling participle (in Arabic termed: الصفة المشبهة) on  فَعِيْلٌ measure: Indefinite; Singular; Masculine; accusative, with suffixed augmentative Ta. It is the second object of the Active participle which like its verb is doubly transitive; and it states the state, position, status to be enjoyed by man. The suffixed Ta is not feminine sign but it is for augmentation emphasizing that he will be in real terms autonomous enjoying real will. The Adjective resembling participle, or termed as Verbal Adjective, is a noun derived from an intransitive verb in order to signify the one who establishes an action or state with the meaning of permanence. It indicates on the root meaning being an attribute which is usually perpetual or intrinsic.

19. It stems from Root: خ ل ف. Ibn Faris [died 1005] stated it signifies three original propositions; it signifies the coming or happening of a thing after another thing rising and holding the position and status that was once held by the other one - alternation; secondly it is contra. of past referring future; and thirdly it signifies change.

20. Word: خَلِيفَةًۭ find mention another time where its meanings are further made self evident:

• "O Da'wood [alai'his'slaam]! Indeed Our Majesty have appointed you the sovereign in the country; Therefore, decide and adjudge among people on principle of justice and equity.

21. The collocates of a word help render its meanings explicit even for a man of ordinary prudence and possessing little knowledge of the language. On being appointed/rendered: خَلِيفَةًۭ -a ruler is required to adjudge amongst people on the basis of justice and equity.

22. The plural of: خَلِيفَةًۭ  is خُلَفَآءَ . After the annihilation of nations/civilizations new nations were raised to prominence who then ruled. After the annihilation of the Nation known by the name of elevated Messenger Noah alai'his'slaam, the civilization Aad were later in time rendered the Rulers (that shows the origin significance of Root):

• Is your rejection only because you people felt it strange that the Memoir/Referential/ Reference Book, an explicit verbal discourse, has come to you from your Sustainer Lord by revelation upon the Man of staunch monotheist belief amongst you? Its objective is that he might alarm and admonish you —

• Therefore, remember and acknowledge the blessings of Allah the Exalted —Adopt this attitude so that you might attain-reap the fruits of perpetual success." [7:69]

• And recall when He the Exalted appointed you people the self-rulers - sovereign nation after the annihilation of the civilization Aad —And established you people in the Land —

• You adopt some of her plains for raising palaces. And you people carve out the mountains for houses.

• Therefore, remember and acknowledge the blessings of Allah the Exalted — And you should not like mischief-doers create intellectual distortions-conjectural myths-disquiet in the society". [7:74]

24. Many translators have rendered this word as "viceroy, vicegerent" which means a governor who represents a sovereign in a colony or country, and a ruler's administrative deputy. How erroneous were their opinion can be adjudged from the fact that it is also used as first noun in a possessive phrase:

• Or [to say it in another perspective] Who is He who answers - attends the distressed person when he called Him and He the Exalted removes the trouble? —And He the Exalted renders you people (individually and collectively) as the rulers of the Land?  

• Is there any iela'aha: godhead along with Allah the Exalted? Very little you people retain in memory - recall and pronounce to others. [27:62]

26. These are two possessive phrases using both structures of plural: خُلَفَآءَ ٱلْأَرْضِ and خَلَـٰٓئِفَ ٱلۡأَرْضِ. If the first noun meant "viceroy" or "vicegerent", the possessive phrase would mean "the viceroys of the Earth", and "the vicegerents of the Earth" where the Earth becomes the sovereign and they its representative governors, deputies. I do not understand the reason for casual attitude of the translators when the meanings are so explicit in Ayahs quoted above, particularly 38:26 where the word: خَلِيفَةًۭ  has second recurrence.

27. The Angels expressed their opinion thinking it was sought by the disclosure:

• They (the Angels) opined saying: "Are You the Exalted rendering him the self-ruler therein who will create therein imbalance-mischief-disquiet and will shed bloods/talk floating vanity—will make voluble speeches—In the circumstances, while considering and celebrating that axis and goal of all struggles is approval and appreciation of You the Exalted we keep executing the assigned duties being cognizant that Infinite Glory, Praise and absolute expression of gratitude (ٱلْحَمْدُ) is exclusive for You the Exalted; and we are cognizant of Your sanctity and Absoluteness?".

28. It is a matter of commonsense that only he can create disturbances (يُفْسِدُ ) and (يَسْفِكُ ٱلدِّمَآءَ ) blood shed who has liberty, authority, power and free-will. Angel's used plural object (ٱلدِّمَآءَ) signifying bloods.  The meanings of the verb are to cause to run or flow and it is also used to refer making a profuse speech with haste, or quickly. Therefore, their opinion could mean: "He will talk floating vanity—will make voluble speeches". Against two negatives attributing to Man, they said about their selves: نُسَبِّـحُ بِحَمْدِكَ  and نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ.

29. On what basis the Angels might have arrived to their opinion about Man? Man did not have any history except history of his living in the Paradise as guest where he had violated an instruction. But that was not something which could be described by: يُفْسِدُ -he will create disturbance, disquiet. It could be because of a part of raw material of creation of man which has both features of spoiling things and  crinkling.

• Know the history of point in time when the Sustainer Lord of you the Messenger Lord had said for the Angels —"I am about to create a "skinned corporeal compact structure" —It will be corporeally created with the raw material comprising of sand-mixed—crinkled clay drawn from odour-diffused pulverized fetid muddy compound — [15:28]

30. The point to note is that the Angels used the rhetoric device of antithesis attributing two negative features and in contrast mentioned two features of their conduct of positive import. So they had something implicit in between the lines. Allah the Exalted contradicted their opinion and closed the conversation by telling them:

• He the Exalted replied: "The fact is that I best know that about which you people have no knowledge". [2:30]

 31. Foundation of epistemology is the names of things.

• And know it, He the Exalted (your Sustainer Lord) taught Aadam [alai'his'slaam] the Names of things, all of them. Afterwards, He the Exalted caused those things put at view before the Angels.

• Thereupon, He the Exalted asked them, "You tell Me the names of these things put at your view — Relate it, if you were truthful."  [2:31]

[اگر تم اپنی بات ؍رائے کو سچائی کے اصولوں پر بیان کررہے تھے۔‘‘[البقرۃ۔۳۱

32. Verbal sentence (عَلَّمَ ) is doubly transitive from verbal noun: تَعْلِيْمٌ   meaning education. What he was taught is: ٱلْأَسْـمَآءَ  the names. This word is the plural of noun used in the First word of the Divine Discourse: بِسْمِ  a prepositional phrase which in isolation literally means: "beginning-activation-concomitance is with a name -code". Name/code introduces for us the concept-field known as Epistemology—learning Knowledge: عِلْمٌۭ in Arabic. Foundation of epistemology is the names of things.

33. The coherence and internal unity of the text of Divine Discourse is matchless. Notwithstanding the presence of too many topics relevant to humanity, every topic and subject is discussed in perfect sequence to progressively educate the reader. If we take all the information progressively disclosed in the Discourse on any subject and place it at one place we will still find it a completely coherent dissertation.

34. The conjunction particle: ثُـمَّ  signifies a time gap between the earlier and this event which means education did take time. Suffixed object pronoun is third person, masculine, plural. Names are of objects/things and the objects are either masculine or feminine. When objects of two genders are placed at view combined of which even if only one object is masculine, the pronoun will always be masculine to refer to them. Angels submitted:

• They (Angels) said: "We always repetitively narrate that the focus of Sublime glorification and all effort is aimed alone for You the Exalted. Knowledge of all sorts is not exhibited-within the reach for us; we know but only that which You the Exalted have taught us. Certainly, You the Exalted,  Your Majesty are intrinsically the Fountain and Setter of knowledge - sciences of visible and invisible domains; and are the Infinitely Just Supreme Administrator of the created realms." [2:32]

35. The negation particle is for absolute negation which is evident from the accusative case of following verbal noun which is the subject noun of negation particle. The prepositional phrase: لَنَآ  relates to elided predicate of the absolute negation particle.

36. The physical presence of a thing before the eyes does not yield knowledge, if you do not know their names, since it does not give you the ability to describe them individually because of lack of fundamental, prerequisite/first stage of knowledge i.e. cognition of the code/name. Nothing can preserve/save in the memory [of humans, Angels as well the computer] without knowing or assigning a code/name to it. The second occurrence of this Root with its original perception has further unfolded the importance of name/code of things and persons in quite lucid manner.

37. The Angels had given their opinion/observation with regard to human's future conduct on the information that Adam-Humanity will enjoy freedom of will and decision on Earth. It was merely an opinion/presumption not based on complete knowledge. After making Aadam know the names of all things the same were presented before the Angels and were asked to name them to prove that whatever they had opined was based on comprehensive knowledge. One earns the title of truthful only when he makes a statement based on complete knowledge. A statement based on incomplete information/data does not rise to the level of truth; it is merely an opinion not worthy of consideration/treatment as truth at the given point in time. However, at the same time it is not a lie since it is an expression on the strength of some data/information and is not merely an imaginative assertion. The opinion would prove either correct or wrong only at a point in time later than point in time of its expression when further data/information/conduct becomes visible. That is why scientists do not lie, they opine whereas philosophers and scholars with a tilt in their hearts do lie when they base study on a presumption/ imagination/myth/hearsay. Scientists never waste the time of humanity; philosophers and pseudo intellectuals do.

38. Despite the dimensions of the things were manifestly evident to their eyes they expressed their lack of knowledge about the same. The only reason is that they did not have the cognition of the code of those things and therefore were unable to distinguish and describe them individually. This reflects that mere presence/visibility of things does not constitute "knowledge". If one does not know the code/name of the thing its visibility is meaningless for him. "Knowledge" is that when one knows the code of the thing, which is within the reach of his visibility/focus/vision. Anything coming into vision is capable of saving in memory only if it is assigned a name/code. The name/code is for the faculty of listening and the appearance/shape/dimensions of the things is for vision. Listening and vision constitute a "pair" for knowledge. A code of a thing enables a man to perceive the thing in his vision [in metaphorical meanings of بصر]. In Qur’ān, the faculty of listening is first in mention than the faculty of visualization-observation, which is also the ground reality that on birth man hears/listens first and observes afterwards. Without the code/name, the existence of anything and concept cannot be accepted, it is non existing.  Moreover, without existence of a thing/matter or person in actual reality any name/code assigned for such imaginative thing/existence is of no significance and is merely meaningless utterances of the mouth, described by Arabic phrase: أَفْوَاهِهِمْ.

39. They said in the end which tells the manners of starting and closing the address while submitting before Allah the Exalted. They used the definite Adjective resembling participle: ٱلْعَلِيـمُ  which is exclusive attribution for Allah the Exalted. The prefixed definite article is of the type: الْجِنْسِيَّةُ لأِسْتِغْرَاقِ الْجِنْسِيَّةِ denoting/ascribing to the suffixed noun universality - not bound to time-frame or event. Therefore, translating it as "Knower", "Knowing", "perfect in knowledge" will not convey fully the semantic information embedded in it. I have translated it as "intrinsically the Fountain and Setter of knowledge - science of visible and invisible domains." What is the causative factor of information? It is the Will of a Living Who desires to share that information with others. Information, thus, arises only through an intentional, volitional act of the Living Being. Therefore, information is but a variable quantity depending on the desire and decision of the Sender:

• But they can not comprehensively grasp any physical or abstract entity loaded with partial information of the Knowledge of Him the Exalted. Exception is only to that information which He the Exalted desired to share - acquaint them with. [Ref 2:255]

It is thus evident that only and solely He the Exalted is the source - the fountain of knowledge.

40. Reverting to perhaps the most knowledge giving dramatic scene of Aadam and the Angels: Is the visibility and knowing the code of a thing constitute that what we name “knowledge”? The second constituent element and indication of knowledge about anything is the capability to narrate it verbally. Things should not be let remain in a state where one could speculate negatively or get into some confusion. The clarification of the point was through this demonstration:

• He the Exalted said: "O Aadam! make them aware about the names of these things". In compliance, when he had told them the names of those things—

• He the Exalted said: "Did I not tell you that I know absolutely the secrets/invisible realities of the Skies and of the Earth —

• And that I fully know what you people disclose — And that which you people were withholding from saying-disclosing?" [2:33]

41. This indicates that identification of the things constitutes knowledge. The identification is in fact the ability of [تميز] segregating and making a distinction from others and narrating it by its specific code/name. The language is but a created entity and being essential component of creation is evident from the fact that every entity that communicates with its counterpart have inbuilt faculty of releasing and receiving sounds. The language originates from a communicator and has a communication which is but a statement of meaningful import that is capable of deciphering and comprehension by recipient:

• And that I fully know what you people disclose — And that which you people were withholding from saying-disclosing?"

It is a compound sentence with repetition of verb: أَعْلَمُ  in the previous sentence with which it is conjunct but is different in nature. The second sentence is about the past and about what they were concealing, holding back from saying explicitly. While expressing opinion about Man they had made a comparison of two negatives with two positives of their own behaviour pattern. Thus there was something implied in between the lines. If the Angels were devoid of any liberty or desire, why would have they concealed something? The manner they spoke is reflective of their humbleness, reverence, and wisdom. What they had stated about their selves is a fact:

• Moreover, be aware that, whoever exists amongst the Species-Animals in the Skies, and whoever exists of the Species-Animals in the Earth, they all regularly make themselves acknowledge and submit humbly in surrender for Allah the Exalted. Moreover, the Angels keep prostrating for Allah the Exalted while they never puff themselves with pride of grandeur [16:49]

• They do so in a state of fearing their Sustainer Lord lest they are inflicted from above them — And they carry out every new-first time act they are commanded. [Please prostrate-and get near to your Sustainer Lord] [16:50]

43. We now move forward, from the entire created Realm to Human being for whom all that was created which exists in the Skies and the Earth . Moreover, the Human Being was the one who was considered worthy of  the basic and initial meanings of the Word سَجُودٌ -an act - a gesture of recognizing and paying respect and obeisance by the already existing created species Angels and Jinn represented by Ieb'lees, like saluting the general by the troops in a parade.

44. However, at this stage we must keep in mind that the basic meanings of a Root and word do not exhaust when they are used in a different semantic field, relational area, while necessarily retaining the base meanings. This phenomenon is particular to the words which are other than those coined to denote and identify a specific tangible object, or person, i.e. substantive nouns. Actions and gestures, bodily actions or body language has various levels of intensity, depth, magnitude proportionally reflecting the feel and state of heart and mind.

45. Why is it so important that the Man should prostrate laying his forehead on ground to express his sincere allegiance and deepest adoration for his Sustainer Lord? Moreover, what does this demonstrative gesture actually transmit more loudly than verbal expression? Laying of Forehead on ground relays non-verbal signal of surrender of granted Freedom and Will of decision and self governing to the Sustainer Lord.

46. Where is the seat of self governing which makes man خَلِيفَةًۭ ? Where is the seat of executive functions of this self governing sovereign? It lies in the prefrontal area of brain located behind the forehead. The act of laying the forehead on the ground for Allah the Exalted explicitly expresses the willful and affectionate surrender of one's will and self-governing liberty at the mercy of the Will of the Sustainer Lord. This non-verbal communication to Allah the Exalted expresses much loudly that henceforth one will  not follow his own will, but will regulate and administer his life and actions according to the dictates conveyed through the elevated and honoured Messenger Muhammad Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam in the Book: Grand Qur’ān.

47. Let us forget about Angels initial opinion expressed, let us see what they now aspire and desire for us:

• While the Angels repetitively mention the Glory with praises of their Sustainer Lord —And they have assigned for themselves at their own the task of seeking forgiveness for those who are true believers on Earth. [refer 42:05]

Our respects and thanks to all the Angels.