Conjunction - appositive and delineation particle
It is a particle comprising of a consonant and a vowel. This is the crucial connector in the Divine Discourse. It is used 10,126 times in the Discourse comprising of 86,910 words. It helps in segmenting the text and determining the boundaries of sentences. It primarily functions to conjunct compound statements and subordinate clauses with the antecedent independent clause; and secondly it delineates - separates a forthcoming independent clause from the previous discourse. These two functions are termed in Arabic: وَصْلٌ -connecting - interweaving, and: فَصْلٌ - delineation, separation. Depending upon their role and function in the text, its meanings will be different. For connecting and interweaving the text, it is used in the following situations and is named accordingly:
(1)
This waw links words to words and sentences to sentences; According to Kyffan grammarians, this waw points out an order [tartib]According to others this is not the case; it points to a connection which does not elucidate order.
(2)
The particle serves to connect two clauses, the second of which describes the state or condition either of the subject or one of the complements of the first clause, or else of a new subject. This takes place in such a way that: (a) The clause descriptive of the state is nominal; like which has a finite verb for its predicate; [ii} the circumstantial clause has a distinct subject; [iii] circumstantial clause has a distinct subject and a finite verb for its predicate. [2:22] (b) The clause descriptive of the state is verbal and affirmative, the verb being in the Imperfect Indicative, preceded by وَ قَدْ, (c) The clause descriptive of the state is verbal and negative, the verb being in the Imperfect Jussive, preceded by وَ لَمْ, or the Imperfect Indicative, preceded by وَ مَا, verse 2:08 (d) The clause descriptive of the state is verbal and affirmative, the verb being in the Perfect, preceded by وَ قَدْ, sometimes وَ قَد is omitted, and rarely one of two alone, (e) The clause descriptive of the state is verbal and negative, the verb being in the Perfect, preceded by وَ مَاْ, or rarely by مَا alone;
(3)
(4)
(5) For the purpose of فَصْلٌ - delineation, separation, it segments the text in following two forms:
(1)
(2)
Progressive number of grammatical units: = 193 + 10,126 = 10,319
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