كبد

1 كَبَدَهُ  , (aor. كَبِدَ , AZ, L, K, and كَبُدَ , L, K, inf. n. كَبْدٌ, L,) He, or it, hit, or smote, or hurt, his كَبِد [or liver]: (AZ, S, IKtt, L:) or struck it. (L, K.) ― -b2- كَبَدَهُمُ البَرْدُ, (aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ , K,) (assumed tropical:) The cold affected them severely; distressed them; straitened them: (L, K:) or, smote their livers; which only the most intense cold does. (L, from a trad.) ― -b3- كَبِدَ, aor. كَبَدَ , (L, K,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (L,) He had a pain in his liver: (L, K) and (A, L:) or كُبِدَ, (K,) inf. n. كُبَادٌ, (TA,) he had a complaint of his liver. (L, K.) -A2- كَبِدَ, aor. كَبَدَ , (L,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (S, L, K,) He was big in the belly, (L, K,) in its upper part: (L:) he (a man) was bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace. (S, L.) ― -b2- It (anything) was big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) -A3- See 5. 2 كَبَّدَ See 5. 3 كابد الأَمْرَ  , (inf. n. مُكَابَدَةٌ and كِبَادٌ, L, K,) (tropical:) He endured the thing; struggled, or contended, with, or against, it; struggled or contended with, or against, its difficulty, or severity; syn. قَاسَاهُ, (L, K,) or قَاسَى شِدَّتهُ; (S;) he endured, or struggled, or contended, with or against, its difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience; syn. عَانَى مَشَقَّتَهُ: (L:) he underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it. (Msb.) ― -b2- كابد اللَّيْلَ (tropical:) He (a man) braved (رَكِبَ) the terribleness and difficulty of the night. And كَابَدْتُ ظُلْمَةَ هٰذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ مُكَابَدَةً شَدِيدَةً I braved the darkness of this night with a mighty braving. (Lth, L.) ― -b3- بَعْضُهُمْ يُكَابِدُ بَعْضًا (tropical:) [One party of them struggles, contends, or strives, against the opposition of the other]: said of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like. (A.) 5 تكبّدهُ ذ (tropical:) He tended, or betook himself, or directed himself or his course, to, or towards, it, namely, an affair, (L, K,) and a town or country; syn. قَصَدَهُ; (L, K;) as also ↓ كَبَدَهُ , aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ . (K, TA.) -A2- تكبّد (tropical:) It (milk) became thick; (S, A, L, K;) as also any other beverage; (L;) and (the former) became thick like liver, so as to quiver. (L.) -A3- تكبّدت الشَّمْسُ, (S, A,) or تكبّدت الشمسُ السَّمَآءَ, (L, K,) (tropical:) The sun became in the كَبِد, (S, L,) or كُبَيْدَآء, (K,) of the sky; (S, L, K;) became in the middle of the sky; culminated; (A;) as also ↓ كبّدت , inf. n. تَكْبِيدٌ: (K:) and النَّجْمُ السَّمَآءَ ↓ كبّد the star, or asterism, [or the Pleiades,] culminated. (S, L.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce خَشَفَ.] ― -b2- تكّبد الفَلَاةَ (tropical:) He directed his course to, or towards, the middle and main part of the desert. (L.) كَبْدٌ ذ and كِبْدٌ: see كَبِدٌ. كَبَدٌ ذ (tropical:) Difficulty; distress; affliction; trouble. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) Ex. وَقَعَ فِى كَبَدٍ He fell into difficulty, &c. (A.) So in the words of the Kur, [xc, 4,] لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِِنْسَانَ فِى كَبَدٍ Verily we have created man in difficulty, &c., (S, L, Jel,) in a state in which he has to contend with the afflictions of the present life and the difficulties pertaining to the life to come: (Zj, * Jel:) or فى كبد here signifies, in a right and just state: (Aboo-Tálib, L:) or in an erect state, and in just proportion: (Fr; L:) or in an erect state, and walking upon his two legs; whereas other animals are not erect: or in the belly of his mother, with his head towards her head; in which state the child remains until near the birth, when it becomes inverted. (L.) ― -b2- And see كَابِدٌ and كَبِدٌ. كَبِدٌ ذ , (S, L, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste and best known form of the word, (TA,) and ↓ كِبْدٌ , (S, L, Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and ↓ كَبْدٌ , (S, L, K,) also a contraction of the first, (S,) [The liver;] a certain black piece of flesh on the right of the lungs: (L:) fem., and sometimes masc.; (Fr, L, Msb, K;) or fem. only: (Lh, ISd, L, Msb:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and كُبُودٌ; (L, Msb, K;) the latter seldom used. (Msb) ― -b2- Also, [the first,] (tropical:) The place of the liver, outside: (L;) the side. (K) It is said in a trad., فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى كَبِدِى, meaning, And he put his hand upon my side externally; or, upon the external part of my side, next the liver. (L.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) The inside of an animal, altogether. (Kr, ISd, K.) Sometimes used in this sense. (Kr, ISd.) ― -b4- (tropical:) The inside, meaning a cave, or ravine, of a mountain. (L.) ― -b5- كَبِدُ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) The interior of the earth: (Msb:) or the minerals (مَعَادِن) of the earth: (A:) or the gold and silver and the like that are in the mines of the earth: (L:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (A, L) and كُبُودٌ. (L.) It is said in a trad. وَتَلْقِى الأَرْضُ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا (tropical:) And the earth shall cast forth what is hidden in her belly, of treasures and minerals. (L.) ― -b6- (tropical:) The middle of anything, (A, L, Msb, K, *) and its main part. (L, K.) ― -b7- (tropical:) The middle of the sea. (L.) ― -b8- (tropical:) The middle of a butt for archers. (A, L.) ― -b9- دَارُهُ كَبِدَ نَجْدٍ (tropical:) His house is in the middle of Nejd. (A.) ― -b10- كَبِدٌ; (L;) in the K, ↓ كَبَدٌ ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) The middle of a tract of sand, (L, K,) and its main part. (L.) ― -b11- كَبِدٌ; (S, A, L, Msb;) in the K, ↓ كَبَدٌ ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) and ↓ كَبْدٌ , and ↓ كَبْدَآءُ , (K,) and ↓ كُبَيْدَاتٌ , (S, A, L,) as though they had formed the dim. كُبَيْدَةٌ from كَبِدٌ, and then formed the pl.; (S, L;) in the K, كُبَيْدَاةٌ; but this is wrong; (TA;) and ↓ كُبَيْدَآءُ , (L, Msb, K,) dim. of كَبِدٌ, contr. to rule, like سُوَيْدَآءُ; (Msb;) [or dim. of كَبْدَآءُ;] (tropical:) The middle of the sky, (S, A, L, K,) and its main part: (L;) or [the meridian of the sky;] the middle of the sky, wherein is the sun at the time of its declining from the meridian: (L:) or the part of the middle of the sky which faces the spectator. (Lth, L, Msb.) ― -b12- كَبِدٌ (Lh, L; in the K, كَبَدٌ;) (assumed tropical:) The air; (Lh, L, K;) as also ↓ كَبْدَآءُ . (L.) ― -b13- كَبِدٌ (tropical:) of a bow, The handle: (S, A, Msb:) or the part a little above the handle, (Az, L, Msb,) against which the arrow goes: (Az, L:) or the part between the two extremities of the handle, and that along which the arrow runs: (S, L:) or the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or cord or the like: (As, L, K:) [see رِجْلٌ:] or the space of a cubit from its handle: (L, K:) or each part where the thong of its suspensory string or the like is tied: (L:) in the bow is its كَبِد, which is the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or the like; then, next to this, the كُلْيَة; then, next to this, the أَبْهَر; then, next to this, the طَائِف; then, the سِئَة, which is the curved part of each extremity. (As, L.) ― -b14- فُلَانٌ تُضْرَبٌ إِِلَيْه أَكْبَادُ الإِِبِلِ Such a one is a person to whom men journey seeking knowledge &c. (S, L, K.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. ضرب.] ― -b15- سُودٌ الأَكْبَادِ [Black-livered men;] a designation of enemies, (As, S, L, K,) similar to صُهْبُ السِّبَالِ [q. v.]: (As, S, L:) they are so called because the effects of rancour, or malevolence, have [as it were] burnt their livers so that they have become black; the liver being the source of enmity. (L.) كبْدَاءُ  : see كَبِدٌ, and أَكْبَدُ. كُبَادٌ  Pain of the liver: (S, L, K:) or a disease, or complaint, of the liver. (L.) The only known word, signifying a disease, derived from the name of the member affected, except نُكَافٌ and قُلَابٌ. (Kr.) It is said in a trad. الكُبَادُ مِنَ العَبِّ, (S, L,) i. e., The pain, or disease, of the liver is from drinking water without sipping. (L.) كُبَيْدَاءُ  and كُبَيْدَاتٌ: see كَبِدٌ. كَبَّادٌ  A certain species of the لَيْمُون; [citrus limon sponginus Ferrari: (Delile, Flor. Aeg. Illustr., no. 748:) a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة]. (TA.) كَابِدٌ ذ (tropical:) a subst. from كَابَدَ, (ISd, L, K,) [in the sense of مُكَابَدَةٌ: see 3:] as also ↓ كَبَدٌ . (MF.) Ex. of the former, “ وَلَيْلَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيَالِى مَرَّتْ
بِكَابِدٍ كَابَدْتُهَا وَجَرَّتْ
” [Many a night of nights has passed with a struggling against its severity: I have struggled against its severity; and it was long]. Said by El-'Ajjáj. جرّت signifies طالت. (L.) ― -b2- You also say, of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like, مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ ↓ إِِنَّهُمْ فِى كَبَدٍ (tropical:) [Verily they are in a state of struggling, contention, or strife, against mutual opposition with respect to their affair]. (A.) أَكْبَدُ Anything big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) ― -b2- كَبْدَآءُ A she-camel large in the middle: (L:) and in like manner, a tract of sand, رَمْلَةٌ. (L, K.) ― -b3- أَكْبَدُ Big in the upper part of the belly: (L:) a man bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace: fem. كَبْدَآءُ. (S, L, K. *) ― -b4- Having the place of his liver rising, or prominent. (K.) ― -b5- قَوْسٌ كَبْدَآءُ (tropical:) A bow of which the handle fills the hand: (S, A, L, K:) or, of which the part called the كَبِد is thick and strong. (L.) ― -b6- كَبْدَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A mill that is turned with the hand: (L, K:) so called because of the difficulty, or trouble, with which it is turned. (L.) -A2- See مَكْبُودٌ. -A3- أَكْبَدُ A certain bird. (K.) مَكْبُودٌ  Hit, or hurt, in his liver. (S.) See مَكْبُوتٌ ― -b2- Having a complaint of his liver: (TA:) and ↓ أَكْبَدُ signifies the same: (A, L:) or this latter, having a pain in his liver. (L.) Credit: Lane Lexicon