1
سَفِهَ , (S, MA, Msb,) aor.
سَفَهَ ; (Msb;) and
سَفُهَ, [aor.
سَفُهَ ;] (S, Msb;) inf. n.
سَفَهٌ and
سَفَاهَةٌ (S, MA, Msb, K *) and
سَفَاهٌ, (S, MA, K, *) [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and
so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former
verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and so is the third; (S;)
He (a man, S) was, or became, such as is termed
سَفِيه; (S, TA;) [i. e.]
he was, or became, unwise, witless,
or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather]
light-witted. (MA.) ― -b2- The phrase
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which
غَبِنَ
رَأْيَهُ and
بَطِرَ
عَيْضْلَرRَهُ
and
أَلِمَ
بَطْنَهُ and
وَفِقَ
أَمْرَهُ and
رَضْلَرRِدَ
أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally
سَفِهَتْ
نَفْسُ
زَيْدٍ [or rather
سَفِهَتْ
نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became,
lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred
[from the
نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being
its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with
نَفْسَهُ ↓
سَفَّهَ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]:
so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to
precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say,
غُلَامَهُ
ضَرَب
زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:) accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; (TA;)
you say
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ and
رَأْيَهُ, (K, TA,) and
حِلْمَهُ, (TA,) and
سَفُهَ, and
سَفَهَ, meaning
حَمَلَهُ
عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as
سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or
unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and
he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become
levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed
سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind,
and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; (K,
TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ by AO: (TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or
light, estimation; (MA, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself
low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but Lh says that
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the
ف], inf. n.
سَفَهٌ and
سَفَاهَةٌ and
سَفَاهٌ, means
حَمَلَهُ
عَلَى
السَّفَهِ [or
حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say
سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, (TA,) when they say
سفه
نَفْسَهُ, and
رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the
ف], because
فَعُلَ is not trans.: (S, TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned
in the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of]
the verb in the phrase
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the
نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative,
to indicate that the
سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be
سَفِهَ
زَيْدٌ
نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but
it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the
manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning,
therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c.,
as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make
this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and
similar to this is the phrase
ضِقْتُ
بِهِ
ذَرْعًا, and
طِبْتُ
بِهِ
نَفْسًا, meaning
ضَاقَ
ذَرْعِىبِهِ and
طَابَتْ
نَفْسِى
بِهِ: (S, TA:) but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for
they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not
be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that
إِِلَّامَنْ
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means
الّا
من
سَفِهَ
فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i.
e., who becomes
سَفِيه; [the prep.]
فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably
with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means
إِِلَّا
مَنْ
جَهِلَ
نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or
foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner,
سَفِهَ
رَأْيَهُ means
جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or
opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without
rectitude: and
سَفِهَ
نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul.
(TA.)
سَفِهَ
الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning
الحَقَّ ↓
سَفَّهَ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness,
or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and
the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this
explanation one may say,
سَفِهْتُ
زَيْدًا meaning
زَيْدًا ↓
سَفَّهْتُ [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is
جَهِلَ
الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not
see it to be the truth, or right: (TA:) or he regarded the truth,
or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art.
غمط.) See also 2. ― -b3-
سَفِهَ
عَلَيْهِ signifies
جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of
عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also
سَفُهَ, (K, TA,) and ↓
تسافه . (K.) ― -b4- And
سَفِهْتُ
نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says
سَفَهْتُ
نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my
share, or portion. (Th, K, TA.) ― -b5- And
سَفَهَ
صَاحِبَهُ, aor.
سَفُهَ , He overcame his companion in what is termed
مُسَافَهَة [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (K.) You say, ↓
سَافَهَهُ
فَسَفَهَهُ. (TA.) ― -b6-
سَفِهَتِ
الطَّعْنَةُ, (JK, K, TA,) inf. n.
سَفَهٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like, emitted
blood which came from it quickly (JK, K, TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ
[in the TK
وِخف]): (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) ― -b7-
سَفِهَ
الضْلَرRَّرَابَ,
(S, K,) inf. n.
سَفَهٌ, (TA,) He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without
having his thirst satisfied thereby. (S, K, TA.) See also 3. And
سَفِهَ
المَآءَ (tropical:) He drank the water immoderately. (TA.) ― -b8- And
سَفِهْتُ and
سَفَهْتُ signify
ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ,
(so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K
ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ,
but the right reading is
ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ
[i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a
thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K,
تَضْلَرRَغَّلْتُ;
but correctly, or
ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ
[i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing].
(TA.) 2
سَفَّهَ see 5. ― -b2- [Hence,]
سِفِهِهُ, inf. n.
تَسْفِيهٌ, (S, Msb, K,) signifies
جَعَلَهُ
سَفِيهًا [i. e. He, or it, made him to be, or he pronounced
him to be, lightwitted, &c.]; as also ↓
سَفِهَهُ ; (K, TA;) on the authority of Akh and Yoo: (TA:) or he
attributed to him what is termed
سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.]: (S, Msb:) or he said to him
that he was such as is termed
سَفِيه. Msb.) And
سفّه
الجَهْلُ
حِلْمَهُ Ignorance made him light, inconstant, unsteady, irresolute,
or fickle; syn.
أَطَاضْلَرRَهُ
and
أَخَفَّهُ. (TA.) See also 1, in three places. 3
سافههُ , (S, MA, K,) inf. n.
مُسَافَهَةٌ, (S, KL,) He acted [in a lightwitted manner,]
foolishly, or ignorantly, with him; (MA, KL;) showed lightness,
levity, weakness of mind, and lack of
حِلْم [or gravity, &c.], with him. (KL.) You say,
سَافَهَهُ
فَسَفَهَهُ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. [سافهه
in this instance may mean as above, or may have the meaning here next
following.] ― -b2- He reviled him; or he reviled him, being reviled by
him; syn.
ضْلَرRَاتَمَهُ:
whence the prov.,
سَفِيهٌ
لَمْ ↓
يَجِدْ
مُسَافِهًا [A lightwitted person found not a reviler, or
mutual reviler]; (K, TA;) mentioned in the S. (TA.) [See also 5.] ― -b3-
سافه
الدَّنَّ, (S, K,) or
الوَطْبَ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He sat with (قَاعَدَ)
the
دنّ [or wine-jar], (S, K,) or the
وطب [or milk-skin], (S,) and drank from it while after while.
(S, K.) And
سافه
الضْلَرRَّرَابَ
(tropical:) He exceeded the due bounds in respect of the beverage, or
wine, drinking it without measure; (K, TA;) as also ↓
سَفِهَهُ . (K.) And
سَافَهْتُ
المَآءَ (tropical:) I drank the water immoderately, (Lh, TA,) or
without measure. (A, TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.] ―
-b4- And
سَافَهَتِ
النَّاقَةُ
الطَّرِيقَ (tropical:) The she-camel kept to the road, or way,
(A, K, TA,) or took to it, (A, TA,) with a vehement pace: (A, K,
TA:) or was light, or agile, in her pace, or going. (TA.) 4
أَسْفَهْتُهُ I found him to be
سَفِيه [i. e. lightwitted, &c.]. (TA. [There said to be tropical; but
I see not why.]) ― -b2-
أَسْفَهَكَ
اللّٰه
الضْلَرRَّرَابَ
(assumed tropical:) May God make thee to drink of the beverage, or
wine, without having thy thirst satisfied thereby: or
أَسْفَهَهُ
اللّٰهُ
God made him, or may God make him, to drink without having his thirst
satisfied: (S, accord. to different copies:) or
اسفه
اللّٰهُ
فُلَانَّا
المَآءَ God made, or may God make, such a one to drink much water.
(TA.) 5
تسفّهت
الرِّيَاحُ The winds became in a state of commotion. (TA.)
― -b2-
تسفّهت
الرِّيحُ
الضْلَرRَّجَرَ,
(S,) or
الغُصُونَ, (K, TA,) and
الرِّيحُ ↓
سَفَّهَتِ
الغُصُونَ, (Ham p. 359,) The wind made the trees, (S,) or the
branches, (K,) to bend, or incline: (S, K:) and put the
branches in motion: (K, and Ham ubi suprŕ:) or ruffled, and put in
motion, the branches. (TA. [There said to be tropical: but see what is said
of the primary signification of
سَفَهٌ, below.]) ― -b3- [Hence,] it is said in a prov.,
فُرَارَةٌ
تَسَفَّهَتْ
قَرَارَةً A lamb, or kid, made a sheep, or goat, to incline
[to silly behaviour]: applied to the old whom the young incites to
lightwittedness (السَّفَه)
and levity. (Meyd. [See also a similar prov. in Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii.
253.]) ― -b4-
تسفّههُ
عَنْ
مَالِهِ He deluded him, or beguiled him, of his property. (S,
K.) ― -b5-
تسفّه
عَلَيْهِ He acted with
سَفَاهَة [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.], or foolishly, towards him.
(MA.) ― -b6- And
تَسَفَّهْتُ
عَلَيْهِ signifies
أَسْمَعْتُهُ [as meaning I reviled him]. (S.) [See also 3.] 6
تسافه
عَلَيْهِ : see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph. ― -b2-
[And
تسافهوا They behaved in a lightwitted, foolish, or ignorant,
manner, one with another. See also 3, which has a similar meaning. ― -b3-
And They reviled one another: as seems to be indicated in the TA. See
also Har p. 522: and see, again, 3.] ― -b4-
تَسَافَهُ
أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا,
in a verse of Khalaf Ibn-Is-hák El-Bahránee, [describing swift camels,] means
Their sides of the mouth casting forth their foam, one at another: like the
saying of El-Jarmee, “
تَسَافَهُ
أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا
بِاللُّغَامِ
” [Their sides of the mouth casting forth the foam, one at another]. (TA.
[تسافه,
there written without any syll. signs, is app. thus, (for
تَتَسَافَهُ,) not
تُسَافِهُ.])
سَفَهٌ , (S, TA,) as also ↓
سَفَاهَةٌ and ↓
سَفَاهٌ , (TA,) [all mentioned as inf. ns. in the first paragraph of
this art.,] primarily signifies
خِفَّةٌ [in its proper sense of Lightness], and motion, commotion,
or agitation. (S, TA.) ― -b2- And hence (S, TA) the first, (S, K, TA,)
like each of the others, (K, TA,) signifies [generally Light wittedness,
or the like;] the contr. of
حِلْمٌ; (S, K, TA;) [i. e.]
خِفَّةٌ [as meaning lightness or levity, inconstancy,
unsteadiness, irresoluteness; or lightness or levity, &c.,
and hastiness; for, as is said in the TA in art.
رجح, the contr. of
حِلْمٌ is described by the terms
خِفَّةٌ and
عَجَلٌ, like as
حِلْمٌ is described by the term
ثِقَلٌ]; and slenderness, shallowness, or weakness, of judgment;
qualities which deficiency of intellect, or understanding, necessarily
involves: (Bd in ii. 12, in explanation of
سَفَهٌ:) or
خِفَّةُ
حِلْمٍ [i. e. slightness of gravity or staidness or
sedateness or calmness &c.]: or
جَهْلٌ [i. e. ignorance, or silliness or foolishness]:
(K, TA:) all of which explanations are nearly alike: (TA:) or
سَفَهٌ is a deficiency in intellect or understanding: (Msb:)
or a lightness, or levity, accidental to a man, arising from joy
or anger, inducing him to act unreasonably and unlawfully. (KT.)
سَفَاهٌ : see the next preceding paragraph.
سَفيِهٌ [Having the quality termed
سَفَهٌ; i. e., accord. to the explanation of the primary signification of
the latter, above, Light; and in a state of motion, commotion, or
agitation:] applied to a camel's nose-rein, (S, K,) light: (S:) or
quivering; (K, TA;) because of the she-camel's shaking it, and contending
in pulling it. (TA: but there said to be, when thus applied, tropical.)
Dhu-rRummeh says, “
عَلَى
ظَهْرِ
مِقْلَاتٍ
سَفِيهٍ
جَدِيلُهَا
” i. e. [Upon the back of a she-camel that had brought forth but once and not
conceived after,] whose nose-rein was light. (S. In the TA,
زِمَامُهَا is here put in the place of
جَدِيلُهَا.) And one says also
نَاقَةٌ
سَفِيهَةُ
الزِمَامِ, (K, TA,) meaning [A she-camel whose nose-rein is light, or
quivering: or] light, or agile, in pace or going.
(TA: in which this, also, is said to be tropical.) ― -b2- Also Lightwitted;
light of intellect or understanding; (TA;) deficient in intellect
or understanding; (Msb;) ignorant; (Mujáhid, K, TA;) weak;
foolish, stupid, unsound in intellect or understanding, dull therein,
or having little, or no, intellect, or understanding; (Mujáhid,
TA;) and ↓
سَافِهٌ , also, [which is syn. with
سَفِيهٌ in all the senses mentioned above,] is expl. by IAar as having this
last meaning of foolish, stupid, &c.: (TA:) the fem. is
سَفِيهَةٌ: (Msb, K:) and the pl. of the masc., (K,) or of the masc. and
fem., (Msb, TA,) is
سُفَهَآءُ, (Msb, K, TA,) and of both,
سِفَاهٌ, and of the fem.,
سَفِيهَاتٌ also and
سَفَائِهُ and
سُفَّهٌ. (K, TA.) In the Kur ii. 282,
سَفِيهًا means, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, Ignorant of the ordinances,
or statutes; one who does not dictate well, and knows not what dictation is;
for he who is ignorant in all his circumstances may not deal with another upon
credit: accord. to ISd, ignorant or
صَغِير [meaning under the age of puberty]; not ignorant of dictating,
as Lh asserts it to mean, because it is added, “ or not able to dictate,
himself: ” this, says Er-Rághib, denotes
سَفَه in respect of worldly matters: in the Kur lxxii. 4,
سَفِيهُنَا denotes
سَفَه in religion. (TA.) In the Kur iv. 4, the pl.
السُّفَهَآء is said to mean Women, and young children; because they
are ignorant of the proper object of expense: and I'Ab is related to have said
that women are termed
السُّفَّهُ and
السُّفَهَآءُ: (Lh, TA:) Az, also, says that a woman is termed
سَفِيهَةٌ because of the weakness of her intellect, and because she does not
manage well her property; and in like manner are termed children as long as they
are not known to be characterized by maturity of intellect, and rectitude of
actions, and good management of affairs. (TA.) ― -b3-
ثَوْبٌ
سَفِيهٌ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, badly woven;
thin, flimsy, unsubstantial, or scanty in the yarn. (K, * TA.)
سَفَاهَةٌ : see
سَفَهٌ.
سَافِهٌ : see
سَفيهٌ. ― -b2- Also, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Vehemently
thirsty: and so
سَاهِفٌ. (Az, TA.)
وَادٍ
مُسْفَهٌ (tropical:) A valley filled [with water]:
(K, TA:) as though it exceeded the due bounds, and became such as is termed
سَفِيه: imagined to be from
أسْفَهْتُهُ signifying “ I found him to be
سَفِيه. ” (TA.)
طَعَامٌ
مَسْفَهَةٌ , (K, TA, in the CK [erroneously]
مُسْفِهٌ,) as also
مَسْهَفَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) Food that incites [in the CK
يُتْعِبُ is erroneously put for
يَبْعَتُ] to the drinking of much water. (IAar, * K, TA.)
مُسَافِهٌ act. part. n. of 3, q. v. Credit:
Lane Lexicon