1 قَامَ  He stood still (Ksh and Bd in ii. 19) in his place. (Ksh.) ― -b2- قَامَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast stopped (S, K, TA) from journeying, (TA,) from fatigue, or being jaded; (S, TA;) i. q. انقطعت. (A.) And قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدَّابَّةُ His beast, being jaded, stopped with him, and moved not from its place. (Mgh.) ― -b3- قَامَ He, or it, stood up, or erect; syn. اِنْتَصَبَ. (K.) And hence, He rose, i. e. from sitting or reclining. ― -b4- قَامَ بِاللَّيْلِ He rose in the night to pray. ― -b5- قَامَ رَمَضَانَ He passed the nights of Ramadán in prayer: (El-'Alkarnee in a marginal note in a copy of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, voce مَنْ:) or he performed the prayers [of Ramadán] called التَّرَاوِيح. (En-Nawawee, ibid.) ― -b6- قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ The people rose to prayer: or the time of their doing so came. (TA.) ― -b7- قَامَتِ السَّاعَةُ The resurrection, or the time thereof, came to pass. ― -b8- قَامَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَكَادَ الظِّلُّ يَعْقِلُ [The sun became high, and the shade almost disappeared, at midday]. (JK.) ― -b9- قَامَ عَلَيْهِ He rose up against him: see a verse cited voce حُوبٌ. ― -b10- قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ He undertook the affair; took, or imposed, it upon himself; syn. تَكَفَّلَ بِهِ; and the epithet is قَائِمٌ and قَيِّمٌ: (Ham, p. 5:) [and] he managed, conducted, ordered, regulated, or superintended, the affair; syn. سَاسَهُ; (TA in art. سوس;) and قام عَلَيْهِ has this latter signification; and he tended, or took care of, it, or him; syn. سَاسَهُ and وَلِيَهُ: (Ham ubi supra:) [and] the former signifies he attended to the affair; [occupied himself with it]; (this should be the first explanation;) was mindful of it; kept to it constantly, or steadily; and is contr. of قَعَدَ عَنْهُ and تَقَاعَدَ: (JM, q. v.:) [or,] as contr. of قعد عنه and تقاعد, he acted vigorously in the affair; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ ; syn. جَدَّ فِيهِ, and تَجَلَّدَ. (Bd in ii. 2.) ― -b11- You say, قَامَ بِشَأْنِهِ He undertook, or superintended, or managed, his affair, or affairs. And you say, قَامَ بِاليَتِيمِ, (Msb in art. عول,) and بِالصَّبِىِّ, (Idem, art. كفل,) He maintained the orphan, and the child; syn. عَالَهُ, and كَفَلَهُ: (Idem:) and قَامَ المَرْأَةَ, and عَلَيْهَا, He undertook the maintenance of the woman; or he maintained her; (مَانَهَا [i. e. قَامَ بِكِفَايَتِهَا (S and K in art. مون）];) and undertook, or managed, her affair, or affairs. (K.) And الرِّجَالُ يَقُومُونَ عَلَى النِّسَآءِ The men govern the women: (Bd, iv. 38:) or are mindful of them, and act well to them, or take care of them. (TA.) ― -b12- قامَ بِعُذْرِى [He undertook, and it served, to excuse me]. (Msb and TA in art. عذر; &c.) ― -b13- قَامَ بِهِ He, or it, was supported, or sustained, by it; subsisted by it: see the explanation of قَِوَامٌ in the Msb. ― -b14- قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا It cost him such a thing, such a sum, or so much. ― -b15- قَامَ often signifies ثَبَتَ: so in قَامَ فِى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It was, or became, established in his mind that it was so. ― -b16- قَامَ بِهِ قِيَامًا تَامًّا He managed it perfectly. ― -b17- قَامَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He began to do such a thing; he betook himself to doing such a thing. (Zj, in TA, art. قدم.) ― -b18- قَامَ المَآءُ (assumed tropical:) The water congealed, or froze; syn. جَمَدَ. (S, M, voce جَمَدَ.) ― -b19- قَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ. ― -b20- قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ: see ظَهِيرَة: there expl. from JK. ― -b21- قَامَ وَقَعَدَ: see قَعَدَ; and أَقْعَدَهُ; and see an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ. ― -b22- قَامَ has also for an inf. n. مَقَامٌ, agreeably with a general rule: see Bd in x. 72, &c.; and see مَرَامٌ in art. روم. 2 قَوَّمَهُ  He made it straight, or even; namely, a crooked thing; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ : (TK:) and made it right, or in a right condition; direct, or rightly directed. ― -b2- قَوَّمَهُ بِكَذَا He valued it, or rated it, as equal to, or worth, such a thing. A phrase well known, and used in the present day. ― -b3- قَوَّمَهُ He set its price; assigned it its price; valued it; (S, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ اِسْتَقَامَهُ . (Msb, K.) ― -b4- ↓ قَوَّمْتُهُ فَتَقَوَّمَ i. q. عَدَّلْتُهُ فَتَعَدَّلَ. (Msb.) ― -b5- قَوَّمَ He made a writing, and an account, or a reckoning, accurate, or exact, or right. 3 قَاوَمَهُ  [He rose against him, and withstood him, or opposed him, in contention;] namely, his adversary. (Mgh in art. نهض.) ― -b2- It was equal, or equivalent, to it. (Msb.) ― -b3- قَاوَمَهُ فِى الحَرْبِ He opposed him, or contended with him for equality, in war, or battle. (MA.) ― -b4- قَاوَمَهُ فِى حَاجَةٍ He rose, or stood, with him [or assisted him] to accomplish some needful affair. (IAth, TA.) ― -b5- قَاوَمَهُ It was equal, or equivalent, to it: see Msb: syn. عَادَلَهُ, q. v. (TA in art. بوأ.) ― -b6- يُقَاوِمُ السُّمُوم [It counteracts poisons]. (TA, art. بلس.) 4 أَقَامَ  He set up, put up, set upright, a thing. (Msb.) ― -b2- أَقَامَهُ, said of food, [It sustained him, supported him]. (Msb.) ― -b3- أَقَامَ عَلَى خَطَرٍ He stood to a bet, wager, or stake. (TA, voce نَدَِبٌ.) ― -b4- أَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الحَّدَ He inflicted upon him the punishment termed حَدٌّ. (Mgh, art. حد.) ― -b5- أَقَامَ دَرْأَهُ: see درأ. ― -b6- أَقَامَ لِلصَّلَاةَِ, inf. n. إِِقَامَةٌ, He (the مُبَلِّغ) recited the form of words called إِِقَامَة, q. v. infra. ― -b7- أَقَامَ He remained, continued, stayed, tarried, resided, dwelt, or abode, in a place: he remained stationary. ― -b8- أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ, He observed prayer: or أَدَامَ فِعْلَهَا. (S, Msb.) See also Bd, and Jel ii. 2. ― -b9- أَقَامَ فِعْلًا He performed an action. ― -b10- See 1. ― -b11- أَقَامَهُ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ He made him to keep to the road: and للقَصْدِ, to the right way. (L, art. لغد.) ― -b12- See 10. ― -b13- أَقَاَمَ الأَمْرَ He put the affair into a right state; like نَظَمَهُ: see the latter in the Msb. ― -b14- أَقَامَهُ (K in art. عدل) He made it to be conformable with that which is right; namely, a judgment, a judicial decision. (TK in that art.) ― -b15- See 2. ― -b16- أَقَامَ بِهِ in the Hamáseh, p. 75, 1. 9, app. signifies He stood in his stead. ― -b17- أَقَامَ He observed, or duly performed, a religious, or moral, ordinance or duty. ― -b18- أَقَامَ البَيِّنَةَ [He established the evidence or proof; and so اقام بِهَا? the ب being redundant]. (Bd, iii. 68.) And [in like manner,] اقام حُجَّتَهُ i. q. أَثْبَتَهَا; (TA in art. ثبت;) and so, app., بِحُجَّتِهِ; the ب being redundant, as in an ex. voce خُطَّةٌ; but this is the only ex. that I know, and it is without explanation: Golius mentions the phrase أَقَامَ بِى عَلَيْكُمْ; but without indicating his authority. ― -b19- أَقَامَ عَلَى حَالٍ He abode, or continued, in a state, or condition; and اقام على أَمْرٍ the same; and he abode, continued, stayed, or waited, intent upon, or occupied in, an affair, a business, or a concern; he kept to it. 5 تَقَوَّمَ  It subsisted: see رُكْنٌ. ― -b2- تَقَوَّمَ It had a price; was valued. ― -b3- See 2. 6 تَقَاوَمُوهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ  They valued it, or estimated its price, among them. (TA.) 10 اِسْتَقَامَ  It became right; direct; in a right state; straight: even: tended towards the right, or desired, point, or object; had a right direction, or tendency; was regular. ― -b2- اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ (K, art. رشد) He continued in the way of truth, or the right way; as also عَلَيْهِ ― -b3- أَقَامَ? ― -b4- لَمْ يَسْتَقِمِ الأَمْرُ The affair was, or became, difficult: see تَعَذَّرَ. ― -b5- استقام لَهُ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, became in a right state for him; syn. اِعْتَدَلَ. (S.) ― -b6- اِسْتَقَامَ He, or it, was, or became, right, direct, rightly directed, undeviating, straight, or even: and he, or it, stood right, or straight, or erect. (MA, KL.) He went right on, straight on, or undeviatingly: (see زَعَبَ:) whence اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ he went on undeviatingly in the way. (See Kur lxxii. 16.) He went right; pursued a right course; acted rightly, or justly. See also سَدَّ, with which it is syn. It (an affair) was direct in its tendency, or had a right tendency. It (discourse, &c.) had a right tenour. ― -b7- See 2. قَوْمٌ  [A people, or body of persons composing a community: and people, or persons:] a company, or body, [or party, (see what follows,)] of men, [properly] without women: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) or of men and women together; (K;) for the قوم of every man is his party, and his kinsfolk, or tribe: (TA:) or (K) sometimes including women, as followers; (S, Msb, K;) for the قوم of every prophet is of men and women. (S, Msb.) ― -b2- قَوْمٌ opposed to نِسَآءٌ: see a verse cited voce سَوْفَ. قَامَةٌ  The stature of a man; his height in a standing posture; it is a span (شِبْر) shorter than a باع: (JK:) tallness, height; and beauty, or justness, of stature. (K.) ― -b2- قَامَةٌ A structure [or post] like the figure of a man, raised at the side of a well, whereon is placed the wood to which the pulley is attached: pl. قَامٌ: (JK:) also called ↓ قَائِمَةٌ : see K, voce عَمُود: or قَامَةُ البَكْرَةٌ signifies the sheave (بَكْرَة) with its apparatus. (S, K.) دِينٌ قِيَمٌ  A right religion. (Kur, vi. 162.) See دِرَّةٌ. الرِّيَاحُ القُوَّمُ  The right [or cardinal] winds. (S, voce نَكْبَاءُ.) الدِّينُ القَيِّمُ  (Kur ix. 36) The right, correct, or true, reckoning. (T in art. دين.) ― -b2- قَيِّمُ الأَمْرِ i. q. ↓ مُقِيمُهُ and سَائِسُهُ: fem. قَيِّمَةٌ. (TA.) ― -b3- قَيِّمٌ بِالأَمْرِ A manager of an affair; i. q. إِِزَاؤُهُ. (S, Msb, art. ازى.) See قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ. ― -b4- قَيِّمٌ A manager, conductor, orderer, regulator, or superintendent, of an affair: (TA:) a manager, conductor, &c., of the affairs of a people. (JK.) قَيِّمٌ عَلَى المَالِ A good [manager and] tender of camels, &c. (TA in art. بلو.) قِيمَةٌ  The real value, or worth, of a thing; its equivalent; differing from ثَمَنٌ, q. v. (MF in art. ثمن.) قَوَامٌ  Stature, and goodly stature, or tallness, of a man: (S:) symmetry, or justness of proportion. (Msb.) ― -b2- قِوَامُ الأَمْرِ and قِيَامُهُ and قَوَامُهُ The stay, or support, of the thing, or affair, whereby it subsists, and is managed and ordered. (Msb.) And قِوَامٌ The food that is a man's support; (Msb;) [his subsistence.] ― -b3- قِوَامٌ [The main stay of a thing.] ― -b4- لَا قِوَامَ لَهُ بِهِ [He has not power to withstand him. (K, art. نجز.) قِوَامٌ  Subsistence: see رُكْنٌ and طَبَعٌ. قِيَامٌ  [A state of purging, or flux of the belly: used in this sense in the S, K, voce هَيْضَةٌ]. قَوِيمٌ  : see صَوِيبٌ. القَيُّومُ  : see يَا قَيُّومُ in the last paragraph of art. شره, where I have rendered it on the authority of an explanation in the TA. قَوَّامٌ  One who rises much, or often, in the night to pray. (TA.) See صَوَّامٌ. قُومِيَّةٌ  is written with damm in copies of the S, K, JK: in the CK, erroneously, قَوْمِيَّةٌ, in both senses. See voce مُتَشَمِّسٌ. قَائِمٌ  Appearing; conspicuous; [as though standing before one]: said of a thing whether standing or thrown down. (TA, in explanation of the phrase هٰذَا نُصْبُ عَيْنِى, art. نصب.) ― -b2- قَائِمَةٌ, pl. قَوَائِمُ, Leg of a horse, &c. ― -b3- عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ An eye [blind, or white and blind, but still whole or] that has become white and blind, but not yet burst, (AZ in L, art. سد,) or sightless, but with the black still remaining. (Mgh, Msb.) ― -b4- قَائِمٌ and قَائِمَةٌ The hilt of a sword. (Msb.) ― -b5- قَائِمَةٌ A leg of a table, and of a throne, or moveable seat, &c. (JK.) See also قَامَةٌ; and see إِِسْنَادٌ. ― -b6- قَوَمَةُ بَيْتِ النَّارِ (K, art. هربذ.) The servants of the fire-temple. (TA, same art.) ― -b7- القَوَائِمُ The winds. So in a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt. (TA, voce سَدِرٌ.) ― -b8- قَوَائِمُ المَائِدَةِ [The legs of the table]. (K, art. عقر.) ― -b9- قَطٌّ قَائِمٌ A nibbing in which the pith and the exterior of the reed are made of equal length: opposed to مُصَوَّبٌ. (TA in art. حرف.) ― -b10- مَآءٌ قَائِمٌ Frozen water. And stagnant water: see حِبَاك. إِِقَامَةٌ ذ The form of words chanted by the مُبَلِّغ, not by the مُؤَذِّن, consisting of the common words of the أَذَان, with the addition of قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ (The time of prayer has come!) pronounced twice after حَىَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحِ. See ثَوَّبَ. مَقَامٌ  The place of the feet; (K;) a standingplace; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ مُقَامٌ : (S:) or the latter, a place of stationing: (Msb:) and both, a place of continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (K:) [a standing:] and the latter, a place of long continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (Expos. of the Mo'allakát, Calc., p. 138:) and both, continuance, stay, residence, or abode. (S, K.) مُقَامٌ  : see مَقَامٌ. مُقِيمٌ  Lasting; continuing: (Bd, ix. 21:) unceasing. (Bd, ix. 69.) ― -b2- أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ: see art. قعد. ― -b3- See قَيِّمٌ. مَقَامَةٌ  A standing-place. Hence, (assumed tropical:) A sittingplace. Hence, (assumed tropical:) The persons sitting there. Hence, (assumed tropical:) An oration, or a discourse, or an exhortation, (خُطْبَة او عِظَة,) or the like, there delivered; as also مَجْلِسٌ. (Mtr, in De Sacy's ed. of El-Hareeree, p. 5.) حَجَرٌ مُتَقَوِّمٌ  (K, art. موس) A precious stone. (TA, same art.) المِعَى المُسْتَقِيمُ  The rectum. تَقْوِيمَاتٌ  [pl. of تَقْوِيمٌ] Stellar calculations. (TA, voce اِيجٌ.) Credit: Lane Lexicon