
Negative and Jussive particle
366 including li-ma
By just inculcating this Particle in memory
that it always comes before imperfect verb in Jussive Mood, we will
conveniently recognize many verbs
in Grand Qur'aan by mere glance, even if we do not know/see the sign
indicating jussive state.
When
is prefixed to a imperfect verb, it causes the
following changes:
(1) The meaning of imperfect verb are into a
negative past
tense with emphasis.
(2) The indicative mood of the imperfect verb
[مُضَارِع مَرْفُوعٌ] becomes jussive mood
[مُضَارِع مَجْزُومٌ] which means
replacement of vowel sign ـُ
on the last consonant of the verb by placing a small sign [
]
called [جَزْمٌ] .
(3) The consonant and vowel [نَ,نِ]
termed as نُون إِعْرَابِي
is dropped or elided from the imperfect verb;
[these are seven; (1) third person masculine dual (2) third person
masculine plural (3) third person feminine dual, (4) second person
masculine dual, (5)second person masculine plural, (6) second person
feminine singular, (7) second person feminine dual].
1218 |
Interrogative
particle + Particle فَ
which shows cause/reason-sequence and
effect/consequence + Negative/Jussive
Particle.
(1)12:109(2)13:31(3)20:128(4)22:46(5)23:68(6)25:40(7)34:09(8)36:62(9)40:82(10)45:31(11)47:10(12)50:06=12
الهمزة-للاستفهام
+ حرف
فَ + حرف جزم و قلب و نفي |
|
1381 |
Interrogative
particle
+ Negative/Jussive Particle.
(1)2:33(2)2:106(3)2:107(4)2:243(5)2:246(6)2:258(7)3:23(8)4:44(9)4:49(10)4:51(11)4:60(12)4:77(13)4:97(14)4:141(15)4:141(16)5:40(17)6:06(18)6:130(19)7:22(20)7:148(21)7:169(22)9:63(23)9:70(24)9:78(25)9:104(26)12:80(27)12:96(28)14:09(29)14:19(30)14:24(31)14:28(32)16:79(33)18:72(34)18:75(35)19:83(36)20:86(37)22:18(38)22:63(39)22:65(40)22:70(41)23:105(42)24:41(43)24:43(44)25:45(45)26:18(46)26:225(47)27:86(48)31:20(49)31:29(50)31:31(51)35:27(52)36:31(53)36:60(54)39:21(55)39:71(56)40:69(57)57:14(58)57:16(59)58:07(60)58:08(61)58:14(62)59:11(63)64:05(64)67:08(65)68:28(66)71:15(67)75:37(68)77:16(69)77:20(70)77:25(71)78:06(72)89:06(73)90:08(74)93:06(75)94:01(76)96:14(77)105:01(78)105:02=78
الهمزة-للاستفهام
+ حرف جزم و قلب و نفي |
|
1837 |
Interrogative particle +
Conjunction particle + Negative/Jussive Particle. (1)2:260(2)7:100(3)7:184(4)7:185(5)13:41(6)14:44(7)15:70(8)16:48(9)17:99(10)20:133(11)21:30(12)26:07(13)26:197(14)28:48(15)28:57(16)28:78(17)29:19(18)29:51(19)29:67(20)30:08(21)30:09(22)30:37(23)32:26(24)32:27(25)35:37(26)35:44(27)36:71(28)36:77(29)39:52(30)41:15(31)41:53(32)46:33(33)67:19=33 الهمزة-للاستفهام
+
حرف عطف/زائدة+ حرف جزم و قلب و نفي
|
|
1)
[حرف جزم و قلب و نفي] Negative/Jussive Particle. (1)2:06(2)(3)2:151(4)2:236(5)2:239(6)2:247(7)2:259(8)2:283(9)3:47(10)3:135(11)3:151(12)3:170(13)3:188(14)4:72(15)4:102(16)4:113(17)4:152(18)4:168(19)5:20(20)5:27(21)5:41(22)5:41(23)5:41(24)6:06(25)6:23(26)6:81(27)6:82(28)6:91(29)6:93(30)6:101(31)6:110(32)6:121(33)6:158(34)7:11(35)7:33(36)7:46(37)7:203(38)8:53(39)8:72(40)9:04(41)9:04(42)9:16(43)9:18(44)9:74(45)10:39(46)11:20(47)12:52(48)12:77(49)13:18(50)15:33(51)16:120
2)
[حرف جزم و قلب و نفي] Negative/Jussive Particle.
(1)2:24(2)2:196(3)2:196(4)2:249(5)2:265(6)2:279(7)2:282(8)3:174(9)4:11(0)4:12(11)4:12(12)4:23(13)4:25(14)4:73(15)4:91(16)4:92(17)4:137(18)4:164(19)4:176(20)5:41(21)5:44(22)5:45(23)5:47(24)5:67(25)5:73(26)5:89(27)6:77(28)6:131(29)7:23(30)7:87(31)7:92(32)7:149(33)9:26(34)9:40(35)9:58(36)10:12(37)10:24(38)10:45(39)11:68(40)11:95(41)12:32(42)12:60(43)16:07(44)
3)
(1)4:43(2)4:90(3)5:06(4)8:17(5)9:25
6 taken above
Welcome back to
صرف, finally! After a long haul with
نحو we are back in the domain of
صرف. Insha Allah I will explain some of the variations which
can occur with
المُضارع (the present and future tense verb) and how the
grammatical structure and meaning of the verb will change with these
variations.
There are two
حرف (particles) which will combine with the
المُضارع to change it to a negative verb:
لن and
لم. Each of these imparts a slightly different meaning to the
resulting verb and each of them will cause the original verb to have
different endings as well.
-
لن : Adding
لن to
المُضارع will negate it and will restrict it to the
future tense. Remember here that we had earlier said that
المُضارع covers both present and future. So now we know how
to talk about just about the future! Finally, when
لن negates the
المُضارع an element of emphasis is added to the negation.
Thus,
لن یَنصُرَ means he will never help and
لن یُنصَرَ means he will never be helped.
-
لم : Adding
لم to
المُضارع will negate it and will remove all notions of
present and future tense from the verb, thus rendering it back into
past! This might seem a little odd since we already have the
الماضی (past tense) with us and we have already seen that we
can negate it by using
ما. So why exactly do we need to stick
لم in front of
المُضارع to construct what we already have? The difference
here is rather subtle: If your listeners have no previous knowledge
of an event occurring and you want to say that the event did not
happen (meaning you are simply informing them of the action not
occurring) then you would use
ما ; on the other hand if you are speaking to someone who has
incorrect knowledge of the event and believes that the event did
occur whereas the event did not occur then you would use
لم. So
ما نَصَرَ is simple negation whereas
لم ﻳﹶﻨﺼﹸﺮ has the element of rejection in it. One
way of putting this is to say that
لم is used when arguing with someone.
Rules for Conjugating
المُضارع + لن :
- The 5 conjugations which ended in dhamma will now end
in fatha
- Out of the remaining 9 all except the two feminine plurals will
lose their final
ن
- The two feminine plurals will not undergo any change
He will never do |
لَنْ يَفْعَلَ |
They (2 males) will never do |
لَنْ يَفْعَلاَ |
They (group of males) will never do |
لَنْ يَفْعَلوْا |
She will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلَ |
She (2 females) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلاَ |
She (group of females) will never do |
لَنْ يَفْعَلْنَ |
You (male) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلَ |
You (2 males) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلاَ |
You (group of males) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلُوْا |
You (female) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلِيْ |
You (2 females) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلاَ |
You (group of females) will never do |
لَنْ تَفْعَلْنَ |
I will never do |
لَنْ أَفْعَلَ |
We will never do |
لَنْ نَفْعَلَ |
Rules for Conjugating
المُضارع + لم :
- The 5 conjugations which ended in dhamma will now end
in sukun
- Out of the remaining 9 all except the two feminine plurals will
lose their final
ن
- The two feminine plurals will not undergo any change
He did not do |
لَمْ يَفْعَلْ |
They (2 males) did not do |
لَمْ يَفْعَلاَ |
They (group of males) did not do |
لَمْ يَفْعَلُوْا |
She did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلْ |
She (2 females) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلاَ |
She (group of females) did not do |
لَمْ يَفْعَلْنَ |
You (male) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلْ |
You (2 males) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلاَ |
You (group of males) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلُوْا |
You (female) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلِيْ |
You (2 females) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلاَ |
You (group of females) did not do |
لَمْ تَفْعَلْنَ |
I did not do |
لَمْ أَفْعَلْ |
We did not do |
لَمْ نَفْعَلْ |
Two final points:
- The passive of the
لَنْ construct is built by switching the fatha on
the first letter to a dhamma e.g.
لَنْ يَفْعَلَ becomes
لَنْ يُفْعَلَ , and so on
- The passive of the لم construct is built by
switching the fatha on the first letter to a dhamma
e.g.
لَمْ يَفْعَلْ becomes
لَمْ يُفْعَلْ , and so on
lam
لَمْ
This the major negative
particle for the past tense in formal Arabic. Although it is used for
the past tense, it can never be used with the perfective verb itself,
rather it is only used before imperfective verbs.
Lam
is a jussive
particle and the imperfective verb after it must be in the
jussive mood.
Conjugation of the verb
yakoon(u)
in the
jussive mood is available
here.
[Same in
2:161;3:04,10,90,91,116;4:56,167,168;5:36;8:36;22:25;40:10;41:41;47:32,34;98:06].gif)
[You
the Messenger Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam
be informed that]
Indeed for those, who have already deliberately
refused to accept [Grand Qur'aan];
[Exactly same information in
36:10;similar
in
7:193]o
it
is one and the same thing upon them [outcome/result wise]
whether you had admonished them or you had not admonished them, they
will not accept, today and in future. [2:06]