Reward and Punishment; Pleasure and Pain: Stimulus for behavior

Allah the Exalted has created the mankind as His subjects placing them under governance of two perceptions, pleasure and pain. Both these concepts-impressions were explained and manifested to the First Man and His Wife:

• Be cognizant, We had said: "O Adam, stay-be the guest of Paradise, you and your wife; and both eat of abundant variety there from, wherever you both wished and liked.

• However, you both should refrain going near this female tree; taste its fruit. Failing whereby you both might become and be considered who interrupt-use things without right-permission." [2:35]

• Therefore, We had told him; "O Adam! Mind it; Ib'lees is certainly enemy for you and your wife.

• Therefore be cautious, that he might not cause exit of both you from the Paradise. In that case you, Adam might have to effort and struggle for acquiring facilities you are enjoying here. [20:117]

• Certainly the possibility that you might not hungry therein is vouchsafed for you. Neither is there the possibility of problem of clothing-nudity. [20:118]

• And certainly you will neither experience therein problem of thirst-scarcity of drinks, nor will you experience exposure to heat. [20:119]

• Thereat, through devious manipulation Shai'taan caused both slip from the given advice.

• Thereby, he caused the exile of both from state of felicity-comfort in which they had been;

• since We had directed, "You go down to the Earth all.

• Some of you people will be acting as enemy for some others.

• Know it, comfortable dwelling and livelihood is arranged in the Earth for you people for a duration to an appointed moment of termination". [2:36]

Certain neural structures, called the reward system, are critically involved in mediating the effects of reinforcement. A reward is an appetitive stimulus given to a human or some other animal to alter its behavior. Rewards typically serve as reinforcers. A reinforcer is something that, when presented after a behavior, causes the probability of that behavior's occurrence to increase. Note that, just because something is labeled as a reward, it does not necessarily imply that it is a reinforcer. A reward can be defined as reinforcer only if its delivery increases the probability of a behavior

Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think: every effort we can make to throw off our subjection, will serve but to demonstrate and confirm it. In words a man may pretend to abjure their empire: but in reality he will remain subject to it all the while. The principle of utility recognizes this subjection, and assumes it for the foundation of that system, the object of which is to rear the fabric of felicity by the hands of reason and of law. Systems which attempt to question it, deal in sounds instead of sense, in caprice instead of reason, in darkness instead of light.