Disambiguation typically follows the constraints listed below.
· it is a single noun (or a phrase highly in rare cases)
· it is indefinite (or definite in highly rare cases)
· it is a static noun (جامد)
· it is accusative
· the agent that renders it accusative is the thing it’s clarifying
o it usually follows its agent
o it can preceded its agent if the agent allows this
o if the agent doesn’t allow this, it can still be done for prosodic purposes
Consider, for example, the sentence أيكم أحسن عملا (which of you is better in deeds). The word أحسن (better) is ambiguous because being better occurs in many aspects and in many respects; better at hockey, better at cooking – better at what? To clarify the respect intended here, the word عملا (in deeds) was optionally used to pinpoint the intended meaning. Notice that it is a single, indefinite, static noun in the accusative case. Notice further that the thing that it is disambiguating is أحسن, and therefore أحسن is the agent of governance here.
Thereby,
it being their willful act, Allah the Exalted has
let them
overwhelm,
with regard to their
respective disease
[by leaving them as condemned- discarded].
[refer 2:10]
:
The first two words constitute a verbal sentence in
order: Verb-Fronted object-delayed Subject. All English translations are
erroneous who render the object of verb as "disease" while the object is
third person, masculine, plural noun referring back to people under
discussion. Majority have erroneously translated the sentence
"Allah
has increased their disease".
The Root of verb is:
ز ى د which signifies to grow,
increase, augment, enhance, develop, overwhelm. This needed to be
disambiguated as to regarding what they were let increase, overwhelm.
The disambiguation accusative (in Arabic grammar تميز):
removes the ambiguity, "Thereby,
it being their willful act, Allah the Exalted has
let them
overwhelm,
with regard to their
respective disease
[by leaving them as condemned- discarded]."