Active Participles in Grand Qur

Active Participles are formed from the Present Tense Active Voice Verb according to specific rules. One of the unique feature of an Active participle is that it has a verbal quality. It signifies that it has the same meaning as the Active Voice Verb and can even govern words in the same manner as a verb governs in a sentence. Like a verb, the pronoun of the subject will either be visible or concealed. In the Active Participle, however, the pronoun will be considered visible whenever the Active Participle containing the pronoun precedes a Subject in a sentence. When the Active Participle containing a pronoun follows the subject, the pronouns will be considered concealed. It governs like a verb when it is interpreted in the meaning of present or future-tense.

Active Participle must be used instead of the present continuous tense if the intention is to describe a current action, as was the case at the point in time of above address.

* Active Participle is a derivative noun which means that it is derived from another word.

** Active Participle signifies the person, creature or thing-object that performs the action associated with the verb from which it is derived. Participles describe or refer to entities involved in an activity, process, or state. For this reason, it is often referred as Verbal Agent.

*** Active Participle can also signify a person or thing-object to whom-which existence of a particular state or effect is attributed. However, the attribution of a state is not understood to be permanent in an Active Participle. Due to this peculiarity, it is also referred as Verbal Adjective. Used as an adjective, the Active Participle acts as descriptive term. Functioning as adjectives, Active Participles reflect the gender of noun that they modify.

In short, an Active Participle signifies an agent or the source of an action, or signifies the agent embodying a particular impermanent state, or an agent embodying the effect indicated in that Participle.

*** One of the unique feature of an Active participle is that it has a verbal quality. It signifies that it has the same meaning as the Active Voice Verb and can even govern words in the same manner as a verb governs in a sentence. Like a verb, the pronoun of the subject will either be visible or concealed. In the Active Participle, however, the pronoun will be considered visible whenever the Active Participle containing the pronoun precedes a Subject in a sentence. When the Active Participle containing a pronoun follows the subject, the pronouns will be considered concealed.

It governs like a verb when it is interpreted in the meaning of present or future-tense.

Derivation of the Active Participle. When it is not prefixed by the definite article it can only be interpreted in the present or future-tense.

Active Participles are formed from the Present Tense Active Voice Verb according to specific rules.

The Present Tense in turn is derived from the Past Tense which is derived from the Verbal Noun [مصدر]. The pattern of derivation of Active Participle from the Three Letter Primary Verb-Form-I is فَاعِلٌ.

For other Forms (II-X), the pattern is to replace the علامة المضارع with a ;ميم مضمومةprefix ( مـُ ) to the stem. The stem vowel on the second radical is always كسرة. .. An exception to that is for pattern IX, which has to be FatHa. The ending of the word will inflect like a noun, not a verb.

The active participle structures are two types, a simple, basic type that is derived from triliteral perfective verbs (form I verbs), and a "meemic" type (begins with a mu- prefix) that is derived from the rest of the verb forms

The meemic active participles are relatively complex structures that are hard to "break" and remake into irregular plurals (though it is possible to add to them an augmentative tied taa). This is why those are pluralized primarily via the regular plural suffixes when they refer to male humans (and infrequently via the addition of an augmentative tied taa).

On the other hand, the non-meemic active participles that are derived from triliteral verbs and refer to male humans have two situations: the ones that are functioning as participles or adjectives take the masculine plural ending, whereas those functioning as non-adjective agent nouns are irregularly pluralized.

The Active participle governs with the government of a verb, if it has the meaning of the present or future tense and is supported by the subject [Mubtada]. Or it is supported by the word associated with the Hal [Zil Hal]. Or it is supported by the interrogative hamza. Or supported by the particle of negation-Ma. Or it is supported by a noun modified by an adjective.

In general the active participle describes a property of the syntactic subject of the verb from which it is derived

If the Active Participle signifies the meaning of past tense, Idhafa is required, like

Active Participle must be used instead of the present continuous tense if the intention is to describe a current action, as was the case at the point in time of above address.

When formed from Faala and the transitive Faela these are not only real participles, indicating a temporary, transitory or incidental action or state of being, but also serve as adjectives or substantives, expressing a continuous action, a habitual state of being, or a permanent quality.

But if from the intransitive Faela and Fauolo, they have only the participle sense.

For some verbs, active participles are not used, while for others, they are used frequently and must be used instead of the present continuous tense if you want to describe a current action. If you mess up and use an imperfect-tense verb where you should use an active participle (or vice versa), it can change your sentence's meaning completely!

Generally speaking, the most commonly-used active participles fall into the categories of motion or action (going, coming, leaving, carrying), location (living, staying), and mental state (seeing, understanding, wanting).

As for when the Active Participle is defined by Definite Article, then all tenses are equal.

There is one important exception to the measure I Active Participle. Sometimes we might encounter an active participle that follows the pattern فَعَّال . This pattern is used for occupations or skills that involve using hands for work.

A particular adverbial function of AP is their use in the Hall or circumstantial accusative construction. The AP is used to describe additional circumstances of a verbal action, coordinating a state or circumstances with the action denoted by the verb. The AP used in the Hall structure agrees with the doer or sometimes with the object of action in number and gender, but is always in the accusative state.

If the Hall AP is from a transitive verb it may take an object in the accusative case.

Arabic Participles describe or refer to entities involved in an activity, process, or state.

The participles have no fixed time reference. This has to be interpreted from the context.

In form, Participles are substantives, that is they inflect as nouns or adjectives [for case, gender, number, definiteness]. In terms of their function, however, they may serve as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or even verb substitutes.

The meanings of AP and PP are directly related to their descriptive nature and the verb from which they derive.

Used as an adjective, the AP acts as a descriptive term. As a predicate-adjective it may serve as a verb substitute, as in Huwa Musafirun. "He is travelling". Such APs, Jalisun, Zahibun, are often used to indicate an on-going, simultaneous, or imminent action or state, having a meaning close to the verb in imperfect tense. They may then correspond to the English present participle, progressive present, or future.

في العربية صِيَغٌ تفيد تكثيرَ ما يدلّ عليه اسم الفاعل. يسمّيها النحاة: [مبالغات اسم الفاعل]. أكثرها استعمالاً صِيَغٌ خمسٌ هي:

مِفْعال نحو: مِغْوار، لمن يُكْثِر الغارات.

الحُكم: اسمُ الفاعل ومبالغاته في العمل سَواء.

اسم الفاعل: صيغة قياسية تدل على مَن فَعَل الفِعل؛ تُشتق من الثلاثي على وزن [فاعِل] نحو: [راكض - جالس - قاعد - قائل...]، وله صِيَغُ مبالغة نحو: سَيْفٌ بَتّار = [فَعّال]، ورجل أكول = [فَعُول]، وخطيب مِقْوال = [مِفْعال]، وأب رحيم = [فَعِيل]، وعدوّ حَذِر = [فَعِل].

ويُشتق اسم الفاعل من غير الثلاثي على صورة الفعل المضارع، بإبدال حرف المضارعة ميماً مضمومة، وكسر ما قبل الآخر، نحو: [يتعلَّم - مُتعلِّم، يتراجَع - مُتراجِع، يستخرج - مُستخرِج، يساعد - مُساعِد...].

يعمل اسم الفاعل عمل فعله، فيرفع فاعلاً وينصب مفعولاً به ويتعلق به شبه جملة، نحو: [أقارئٌ زهيرٌ كتاباً في البيت]. فـ [زهيرٌ] فاعل لاسم الفاعل [قارئ]، و[كتاباً] مفعولُه، وشبه الجملة [في البيت] متعلّق به(1).

· قال تعالى: ]فويلٌ للقاسيةِ قلوبُهم من ذِكْرِ الله[ (الزمر 39/22)

[القاسية]: اسم فاعل محلّى بـ [ألـ]، و[قلوبُ] فاعل لاسم الفاعل، مرفوع.

· وقال: ]وجاعِلُ اللّيلِ سَكَناً[ (الأنعام 6/96)

[سكناً]: مفعول به لاسم الفاعل [جاعلُ]. على أنّ للآية قراءة أخرى هي: ]وجَعَلَ اللّيلَ سَكَناً[، ولا شاهد في الآية عند ذلك على ما نحن بصدده.

· وقال: ]وكلبُهم باسِطٌ ذراعيْهِ بالوَصِيد[ (الكهف 18/18)

[باسط]: اسم فاعل، و[ذراعيه] مفعول به لاسم الفاعل، منصوب وعلامة نصبه الياء، لأنه مثنى.

· وقال الأعشى يشبّه يزيد بن مسهر الشيباني بالوعل (الديوان /61):

كناطحٍ صخرةً يوماً لِيُوهِنَها فلم يَضِرْها، وأَوْهَى قَرنَهُ الوَعِلُ

[ناطح]: اسم فاعل عمِل عمَل فعله [نَطَحَ]، فنصب مفعولاً به هو [صخرةً].

· ]والذّاكرين الله كثيراً والذّاكرات[ (الأحزاب 33/35)

[الذاكرين]: جمع اسم الفاعل: [الذاكر]، وقد عمِل عمَل فعله [ذَكَرَ] فنصب مفعولاً به، هو لفظ الجلالة. وذلك أن اسم الفاعل يعمل مفرداً ومثنى وجمعاً. ومِن عمله وهو مثنى، قول عنترة (الديوان /154):

Main article: Arabic grammar: Participle

The Arabic verb has two participles: an active participle (اسم الفاعل) and a passive participle (اسم المفعول ), and the form of the participle is predictable by inspection of the dictionary form of the verb. These participles are inflected for gender, number and case, but not person. Arabic participles are employed syntactically in a variety of ways: as nouns, as adjectives or even as verbs. Their uses vary across varieties of Arabic. In general the active participle describes a property of the syntactic subject of the verb from which it is derived, whilst the passive participles describes the object. For example, from the verb كتب kataba, the active participle is kātib كاتب and the passive participle is maktūb مكتوب. Roughly these translate to "writing" and "written" respectively. However, they have different, derived lexical uses. كاتب kātib is further lexicalized as "writer", "author" and مكتوب maktūb as "letter".

In Classical Arabic these participles do not participate in verbal constructions with auxiliaries the same way as their English counterparts do, and rarely take on a verbal meaning in a sentence (a notable exception being participles derived from motion verbs as well as participles in Qur'anic Arabic). In certain dialects of Arabic however, it is much more common for the participles, especially the active participle, to have verbal force in the sentence. For example, in dialects of the Levant, the active participle is a structure which describes the state of the syntactic subject after the action of the verb from which it is derived has taken place. ʼĀkil, the active participle of ʼakala ("to eat"), describes one's state after having eaten something. Therefore it can be used in analogous way to the English present perfect (for example, ʼAnā ʼākil انا آكل meaning "I have eaten", "I have just eaten" or "I have already eaten"). Other verbs, such as rāḥa راح ("to go") give a participle (rāyiḥ رايح) which has a progressive ("is going...") meaning. The exact tense or continuity of these participles is therefore determined by the nature of the specific verb (especially its lexical aspect and its transitivity) and the syntactic/semantic context of the utterance. What ties them all together is that they describe the subject of the verb from which they are derived. The passive participles in certain dialects can be used as a sort of passive voice, but more often than not, are used in their various lexicalized senses as adjectives or nouns.