All NOUNS in Grand Qur

1- They verbally mirror the image or perception of an existing reality; a tangible, physical thing having dimensions, or an abstract idea/thought/perception;

2- The information is attributed to a noun, either as subject/topic [مبتدأ] of initiating discussion/discourse/conversation. Similarly, noun is used for attribution to another word, it is then the predicate-[خبر]. The Noun, which is either Subject [مبتدأ] or Predicate [خبر], it will always be in Nominative state-indicators ـُُ or ـُـُ,

3. The Definite Article

is entered upon the Noun. This enables visual recognition of a noun in Arabic text. Please glance the List of All Nouns in the Grand Qur'aan which are prefixed with Definite Article, and orally repeat this peculiar feature about Nouns of Arabic a couple of times, whereby it will get deeply entrenched in the Non Declarative memory of brain. Please remember that learning a Language is actually acquiring a skill, which becomes easy when we do exercise like acquiring any other skill, say driving. Such nouns are definite.

4. The Noun may have "Nunation", reflected by double short vowel signs at the end of the word. This is yet another facility for visual recognition of Nouns in the text of Qur'aan. Just glance through the list [here], repeating orally this peculiar feature of nouns for couple of times, it will enable its storage in non-declarative memory for ever, whereby we will instantly recognize such nouns immediately on sighting in the text of Qur'aan.

5. Yet another visual identification mark of a Noun is that it does not end with a Jezm, while a verb does.

6. Annexation- The Noun can have the state of Jarr/genitive. Nouns are annexed in Prepositional, Possessive and Adjectival Phrases. This affords us a visual tool for recognition of the Nouns of Qur'aan. The Object Noun of Preposition, and Second Noun of Possessive Phrase will always be genitive, reflected by vowel sign [ـِ] beneath the last consonant.

Please give some time for practicing recognizing the Nouns in the Qur'aan by sight with the help of Prepositions and above mentioned Visual signs before we proceed to know their sub-classifications and other relevant information about them like gender, plurality etc. Once we acquire the skill of recognizing Nouns by sight, it will facilitate us quickly acquire the skill to recognize by sight the different Phrases in the text of Qur'aan.

In default state, they are always in "Nominative" case, which is reflected by the vowel sign ـُُ or the same sign doubled ـُـُ,

on the last consonant of the word.

There are only two roles a Noun can play in a sentence that would make it مَجْرُوْرٌ/in genitive case reflected by a vowel sign [ـِ] on the last consonant of the Noun:

(1) it is preceded by a preposition; and (2) it is the second noun of Possessive Phrase;

A noun can also be in genitive case/state if it is the adjective/صِفَة of that head noun/مُوْصُوف which is in genitive state for external reason; or if it is in apposition to a preceding noun in genitive case.

A simple rule of Arabic rhetoric is that a noun indicates continuity and permanence while use of a verb signifies occurrence and generation of an act.

(i) Proper Nouns - اسم العلم; name of specific person, civilization, city, country; rivers, oceans, tribes, mountains;

(v) Verbal Noun - Gerund/ Masdar/مصدر : a noun signifying action and state only; source of verb;

(x) Hyperbolic Participle/Intensive Adjective resembling participle - اسم المبالغة;

Nouns are either masculine or feminine; there is no neutral gender. By default, a noun is masculine unless it has one of the four signs of femininity on it. The signs of femininity are as follows:

(i) The explicit round Taa, called تاء مربوطة if it is attached to the letter before it (ـة) or تاء مُدَوَّنة if it is detached (ة)

(iii) The الف مقصورة (ى) that comes at the end of nouns and is beyond the base letters

(iv) The الف ممدودة (ـاء) that comes at the end of nouns and is beyond the base letters

إسم جامد: Substantive Noun meaning a noun that is not a Masdar, nor is derived from a Masdar, nor is any masdar derived from it. Substantive nouns are concrete and are mostly coined as the names of things. On the other hand Masdar is abstract noun since it attributes a meaning to something else than itself or it signifies the occurrence of an action.

Derivation

With respect to whether a noun has been derived using morphology or not, nouns fall into exactly one of three categories. A noun could be such that it has not been derived and nothing has been derived from it. These are called frozen nouns and an example of this is the word شجرة (tree). A noun could be such that other words are derived from it using the rules of morphology. This type of noun is called a gerund and an example is the word لعب (to play / playing). Finally, a noun could be derived from a gerund. Such nouns are called derived nouns and examples include the active participle, the passive participle, the superlative, and others.

There is nothing to be said about frozen nouns; they are simply looked up in the dictionary. Very deep Arabic etymology does, however, give some attention to these types of nouns. For a detailed account of this, refer to the advanced tutorial entitled Greater Etymology. Gerunds are not thoroughly studied because there is little to be said about them beyond their patterns. For a brief look at gerunds, refer to the tutorial entitled Verb Paradigms, where the most common gerunds are given. And finally, derived nouns are discussed thoroughly in the Derived Nouns tutorial.

Definiteness

By default, a noun is indefinite. There is no article, sign, or any mechanism that indicates this. In order to make a noun definite, one of seven things must be done. In other words, there are seven ways in which a noun is made definite; if none of those have been used, the noun is indefinite.

The methods of definiteness are as follow

1. the noun is a personal pronoun (“هو”)

2. the noun is a demonstrative pronoun (“هذا”)

3. the noun is a relative pronoun (“الذي”)

4. the noun is a proper noun (“Saudi Arabia”)

5. it is prefixed with the definite article الـ

6. it is a non-final noun in a possessive structure and the final noun is definite

7. the noun comes after a particle of vocation (“يا رجل”)

The above ways of classifying a noun are separate from one another. Thus a given noun will have a particular gender, a plurality, a derivation class, a type of definiteness, and a method of grammatical inflection. All of these methods of classification will apply to a given noun.

For example, the word شجرة (tree) is

· in terms of gender: feminine

· in terms of plurality: singular

· in terms of derivation: frozen

· in terms of definiteness: indefinite

· in terms of its method of grammatical inflection: Reflection Type I

6- The Indefinite Noun added before a definite noun from the above. المضاف إلى معرفة

[Grammatical Roles: Inflection/Declension /إعراب is the process/method/system of disambiguating the grammatical roles of words by slightly changing their endings. If a word experiences اعراب it is called مُعْرَب, and if it does not experience اعراب, or experiences it but does not show it, it is called مَبْنِيّ. At the moment it suffices to mention that all Particles [حرف] are مبني; i.e. they do not decline since they do not become subjects, objects or any such thing in a sentence]. There are twelve roles when the noun will be in accusative case, i.e. its last consonant will have this vowel sign

, and in another eight roles it will be in nominative state, i.e. its last consonant will have this vowel sign