Notes on iron
Iron is the most stable element in the universe. It is the
element possessing the most stable nucleus.
According to rules of Quantum Mechanics all matter will eventually turn into iron.
Iron's atomic number is 26. It turned out that the gematrical value of word Iron in Arabic "حديد" is 26.
Iron and most of the elements on Earth came from outer space. Iron was known and used long before the Quran however it was not the best choice for weapons because it rusted and it easily bent. The miracle is that the Quran said "we sent down iron, in it great might" at a time when they only knew that it rusted, bent and definitely NOT from outer space. Today we know that iron is formed in stars and that iron has the strongest bound nucleus among all elements.
Up until the discovery of pulsars it was thought that no atomic nucleus can survive the gravitational forces at the core of collapsed stars. It was thought that the remnants of those collapsed cores consist of some electrons, some protons but predominantly neutrons (thus the name neutron stars). However the discovery of radio waves in pulsars means that neutron stars contain rotating iron cores! This means that the iron survived! Today we know that iron has the strongest bound nucleus among all elements.
Sura 57 in the Quran is called "The Iron" in Arabic (Al-Hadeed). The word (Al-Hadeed) in Arabic has a gematrical value of 57, the same like the sura number. The gematrical value of the Arabic word (Hadeed) without the (Al) is 26. Number 26 is the position of iron in the periodic table of elements.(the number of protons in the iron nucleus is 26)
The case of Zul Qarnain is interesting because God in simple language tells us how to manufacture "steel". If you study the Quran, Chapter (Sura) 18, God narrates the history of Zul Qarnain and his journey to a place between the two palisades. He meets people whom he can hardly understand. These people complain to him about Gog and Magog and how corrupt they are. They ask him if he can make a barrier between them and Gog and Magog. In verse 95 he says that "My Lord has given me many bounties....", therefore he immediately refers to the source of the 'giving", God. Invaluable information on how to make an alloy with iron and carbon follows in verse 18:96 and has been at peoples disposal for almost 1400 years. Today, we know from the science of metallurgy how to produce steel.
Though it has been an essential part of Earth since the planet's inception, humans did not begin producing iron into usable implements and products until about 2000 B.C. The historic period known as the Iron Age began in south-central Asia, replacing what had been the key metal, bronze. Civilizations learned that iron, when mixed with carbon, is more durable than bronze. Iron weapons also hold a sharper edge.
Iron continued as the key metal fabric in human civilization until the 1850s, when innovators began to learn that if a bit more carbon was added to iron during the production process, a durable yet flexible metal resulted. By the 1870s, production innovations would make this new metal alloy called steel more economically viable to mass produce. The demand for steel skyrocketed during the railroad boom of the 1800s, as the metal made an ideal material for rail production.
Iron is a member of the first row transition series of elements, consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and belongs to group 8 of the periodic table, along with Ru and Os. The element has an atomic number of 26, an atomic mass of 56, two main oxidation states (+2 and +3) and four naturally occurring isotopes ( 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe and 58Fe), although 56Fe is the major isotope at 92% of the total mass. Iron is the fourth most abundant element and second most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust (after aluminium). It is one of the seven metals known in antiquity (along with gold, silver, copper, mercury, tin and lead). It has both lithophile and chalcophile properties, forming several common minerals, including pyrite FeS2, magnetite Fe3O4, haematite Fe2O3 and siderite FeCO3. It is also present in many rock-forming minerals, including mica, garnet, amphibole, pyroxene and olivine. Iron becomes concentrated in mid-stage fractionates during magmatic processes and is generally enriched in mafic rocks relative to felsic, intermediate or ultramafic types. There is a wide range of Fe concentrations within different rock classifications depending on their mineralogical composition but, as a guide, Mielke (1979) and Williamson (1999) report Fe values as: ultramafic 9.6%; basaltic 8.6%; granitic 2.2% (1.4-3.0%); syenite 3.7%; and a crustal average of 7%. Th
Iron is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. Between 10 and 18 mg per day is needed for adults (Mertz 1987) and iron deficiency is a common medical condition. Its main role in humans is in the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells (WHO 1996). High intakes of cobalt, zinc, cadmium, copper and manganese interfere with iron absorption in the human body, which can lead to anaemia (Mertz 1987).
PROPERTIES · Iron is unusual in that it is magnetic (if you dangle a piece it will turn to face north-south). · Iron has the symbol Fe (from the Roman word Ferrum). · Iron is a silver-grey metal. · Iron is quite soft but when made into steel is very strong.
· Iron malleable and ductile (can be beaten and drawn into a wire). · Iron quickly corrodes or rusts (forms a red powder called iron oxide) when exposed to air and water. · Iron has a high melting point (1535 o C).
USES USE DESCRIPTION Transportation Steel railways/ carriages/engines, ships, car frames, engine cylinders. Construction Steel buildings, bridges (such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge), roofing, cladding, doors, fencing. Machinery Steel engines, pumps, cranes, workshop equipment(eg. cutting tools, drill bits). Wire products Steel wire fences, ships’ cables, staples, door screens, nuts & bolts. Storage Steel food containers, storage tanks. Oil and Gas Steel drill rods, casing, pipelines. Appliances, equipment Steel refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, cutlery, hospital equipment. Health Pure iron is needed for proper plant growth. Animals need iron for making energy and carrying blood around the body. Foods rich in iron include red meat and liver, egg yolks and leafy green vegetables. Iron was the first element to be recognised as essential for people. A doctor in 1681 successfully used iron to treat patients who were pale, lacking in energy and suffering from anaemia. Iron chloride is used in water treatment and purification. Fun Iron filings are used in ‘sparklers’. Electronics Iron chloride is used to etch copper in the making of electrical printed circuits. Cooking Cast iron camp ovens and woks. Decoration Wrought iron outdoor furniture, porch railings and other decorative items
AMAZING FACTS · The earth’s magnetic field is due to the iron (and nickel) in its core, and a compass uses this property to locate north. · Iron is one of the oldest metals known to humans. Palaeolithic Man used finely ground haematite as rouge! Around 4000 BC, the Egyptians and Sumerians first used iron from meteorites to make beads, ornaments, weapons and tools. · During the Iron Age, around 1000 BC, the Hittites were the first to forge iron. They were able to heat it hot enough to melt it, then hammer it and cool it quickly to produce iron that was stronger than any metal that had been known before, including bronze. · By the time of the Roman Empire, iron was being used for beds, gates, chariots, nails, saws, axes, spears, fishhooks and tools for sharpening. · During the Middle Ages, with the introduction of the iron cannon and cannon ball, iron overtook copper and bronze as the most widely used metal. · Iron was the first metal to be discovered in Australia, found by explorer Edward John Eyre in the Middleback Ranges in South Australia. · In the late 19th century the Industrial Revolution began, with wooden ships being replaced by steel, mass machinery production in factories, and the invention of the railroad. You could say humans entered the ‘Age of Steel’. · Today we use 20 times more iron (in the form of steel) than all other metals put together! · Steel is one of the world’s most recycled products, with about 60% of steel available for recycling going back into making new steel. · The value of Australia’s iron ore exports is exceeded only by that of coal.
Surat al-Hadid is the 57th in the Qur’an. The numerical value of the word “al-Hadid” in Arabic is 57. The numerical value of “hadid” on its own is 26. As can be seen from the periodic table to the side, 26 is the number of the iron atom. With the verse revealed in Surat al-Hadid Almighty Allah indicates how iron formed, and with the mathematical code contained in the verse He reveals to us a scientific miracle.
"Al- Hadid" is the 57th sura in the Qur'an. The abjad of the word "Al-Hadid" in Arabic, when the numerological values of its letters are added up, is also 57.
(http://www.miraclesofthequran.com/scientific_30.html)
(http://www.miraclesofthequran.com/mathematical_02.html)
The numerological value of the word "hadid" حديد alone is 26. And 26 is the atomic number of iron.
ح is equal to 8.
د is
equal to 4.
ي is equal to 10.
د is equal to 4.
8 + 4 + 10 +
4 = 26
The numerological value of the word "alhadid" الحديد alone is 57, and 57 is:
1- The number of Noble Surah's (Chapter), and the abjad numerical value of the Noble Surah's Name (Alhadid).
2- Makes the Noble Surah in the Middle of the Noble Quran, since the Noble Quran has 114 Noble Surahs.
3- The iron core is also in the center of planet earth.
ا is equal to 1.
ل is equal to 30.
ح is equal to 8.
د is
equal to 4.
ي is equal to 10.
د is equal to 4.
1 + 30 + 8 +
4 + 10 + 4 = 57