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Beginning is with Allah's personal name Ar'Reh'maan Who is The Fountain of Infinite Mercy.

In Grand Qur'aan other Roots with first two letters   ص ب

1) ص ب أ

2) ص ب ب

3) ص ب ح

4) ص ب ع

5) ص ب غ

6) ص ب و

 

Lane Lexicon

Classical Lexicons

 

Verbs: 22

Nouns: 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Root: ص ب ر

Words from this Root in the Grand Qur'aan:

a) Total occurrences: 103

b) No of constructions: 34

It occurs in 93 ayahs in 45 chapters

Nouns: 12 Recurrence: 41; Verbs: 22 Recurrence: 62 [Form-I: 57; Form-III: 1; Form-IV: 1; Form-VIII: 3]

Semantic Domain: Personality Traits

Patience - endurance, forbearance - perseverance

Contra: Root: ج ز ع : Distress

Ibn Faris [died 1005] stated:

(مقاييس اللغة)

الصاد والباء والراء أصولٌ ثلاثة، الأول الحَبْس، والثاني أعالي الشيء، والثالث جنسٌ من الحجارة.فالأول: الصَّبْر، وهو الحَبْس.

That it signifies endowment - natural ability of quality; secondly; paramount quality of a thing; and thirdly is endurance in difficulties; thus it means patience, endurance, forbearance.

The basic perception infolded in it is to remain calm, cool and composed in suffering the pangs of inflictions; retaining firmness, determination and sincerity to the point of view/idea - course of action held earlier. Its equivalent in English is patience/forbearing + perseverance. Patience is the state of endurance under difficult - painful - strain; preserving coolness and composure in the face of delay and provocation. Patience is the level of endurance one can have before negativity. It is also used to refer to character trait of steadfastness.

Perseverance is continuing in a course of action without regard to discouragement, opposition, hurdles, criticism, slanders and denials.

In English, perception of Root can be conveyed, to a large extent by the words Coolly Perseverance: determined continuation with something: steady and continued action or belief, usually over a long period and especially despite difficulties or setbacks

Its significance is retaining a state of equilibrium, calmness of the heart and not to let the external inflictions  become a stimuli for passion/out burst of emotion. It is primarily something that does not let any perturbing and disturbing circumstance and thing to overcome or blur the intellect and make someone emotional, agitated.

The صبر  is manifested by non reflection of emotions and passion in speech, reaction as well as body language. The: صبر  is a psychological phenomenon. The cause of psychological imbalance is an external stimuli which a person dislikes, hates, abhors. The stimuli affects/excites body cells and a chain of actions start. It irritates and disturbs the calm and equilibrium/stability of heart and its extreme is sorrow/grief/saddening burden.

The صبر  : It is a conscious act of will not to let the physical and automatic affect of the stimuli destabilize the psychological balance/equilibrium/quiet. But, in this case too, there has to be a cause/stimuli to attain this affect. The صبر  is not possible unless the person concerned has confidence, hope and belief in something or someone other than his self.

Patience and perseveration is the disposition that renders one a paramount personality:

  • Moreover, you people elevate your personality by patience, steadfastness—coolly perseverance; and by performing As-sa'laat: Time Bound Protocol of Servitude and allegiance. [2:45]

The Jews seem to have the minimum level of patience as is evident from their feel of intolerance in the matter of tedious lack of variety in free supply of food:

  • Keep tracing the past; And when you people said: "O Mūsā, we might no more tolerate one kind of food. [refer 2:61]

Inflictions and distressing situations are trials for the exposure and purifications of personality. The level of patience and endurance reflects the strength of the will power and determination. Greater the submission to the Will of the Creator, greater is the level of patience and endurance:

  • Be aware that We will certainly persist subjecting you people to a test for exposure of your potentialities—true worth through something of disturbance-feel of insecurity-fear and economic recession and some loss in property-worldly material and personal lives and the crops-fruit yields.

  • And you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] guarantee glad tidings to those who are steadfast and coolly perseverant. [2:155]

  • And they remain coolly perseverant in crisis and financial adversity; and in times of natural calamity. [refer 2:177]

  • Take note you people will certainly be subjected to trials for exposure of your inner-self with reference to your wealth - worldly wherewithal and your personal selves.

  • And know: you will certainly listen much irritating and disturbing assertions by some of those who were given the Book before you (Jews). Likewise, you will certainly listen much irritating and disturbing assertions by some of those who self ascribed partners to Allah the Exalted.

  • Remember; should you people remain coolly perseverant and diligently heedful avoiding unrestrained conduct stirred by emotions:

  • [their tricks-crafty schemes will not at all cause you any harm-3:120] This course is indeed a subject of strong willpower. [3:186]

Exercising patience in distressing and painful situations reflects strong willpower:

  • And remain coolly perseverant upon whatever distressing and unpleasant reaches you.

  • No doubt this course is indeed a subject of strong will power.. [refer 31:17]

  • And certainly the one who remained steadfast coolly perseverant and he forgave; (unlimited reward is due and in wait for him-39:10)

  • This course is indeed a subject of strong willpower. [42:43]

  • Therefore, you the Messenger remain coolly perseverant like the tradition of patience exercised by the Messengers of strong willpower; [refer 46:35]

For a truthful person it is extremely annoying and irritating when people publicly contradict the truth.  

  • Know the past history; the Messengers; who were deputed to respective nations in the timeline before you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam], were publicly and vehemently contradicted.

  • Thereupon, they remained steadfastly coolly perseverant upon that which people had denied and contradicted, and to their teasing, irritating irrational response till such time the help of Our Majesty had reached them. [refer 6:34]

Why a true believer has the maximum level of patience and steadfastness?

And you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] remain coolly perseverant-consistently steadfast enduring all odds; and your endurance is sustained only with confidence and hope of help and protection of Allah the Exalted;  [ Refer 16:127]

The psychological make up of a person is the true reflection/recognition of his personality. A personality is absolutely composed psychologically if he is in the state of:

"Perseverance par excellence. The most dignified perseverance".

  • And in the time and space there were many a Chosen and Exalted Servant of Allah the Exalted along with whom quite a large number of follower believers fought the wars.

  • Thereat, they never lost heart and slacked if adversities met them in the way of Allah the Exalted.

  • And they neither reflected sense of weakness and never they self surrendered.

  • And take note that Allah the Exalted approves for nearness people of fortitude and coolly perseverant. [3:146]

Procedure of disposal of matters:

Causality----Matters referred to Allah the Exalted for decision---negative effect of cause-omission takes place if permitted by Him.

 

Nouns

1

Active participle:: Definite;  feminine; plural; accusative. (1)33:35=1

                                                                                                       اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام-منصوب-جمع  مؤنث

  
2

Active Participle: Definite; Sound plural; Masculine; nominative;        (مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun). (1)28:80(2)39:10=2              اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- مرفوع-جمع سالم مذكر

  
3

Active Participle: Definite; sound plural; masculine; accusative/genitive; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)2:153(2)2:155(3)2:177(4)2:249(5)3:17(6) 3:142(7)3:146(8)8:46(9)8:66(10)21:85(11)22:35(12)33:35(13)37:102(14)47:31=14

                                                                                       اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- منصوب/مجرور-جمع سالم مذكر

  
4

Prepositional phrase: بـِ Inseparable preposition + Verbal Noun: Definite; genitive. (1)2:45(2)2:153(3)90:17(4)103:03=4

                                                                                   جار و مجرور= بـِ حرف جر + مصدر:معرفہ باللام:مجرور

  
5

Active Participle: Indefinite; singular; masculine; accusative; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)18:69(2)38:44=2                                                               اسم فاعل: منصوب-واحد مذكر

  
6

Active Participle: Indefinite; Singular; feminine; nominative; (1)8:66=1

                                                                                                                            اسم فاعل:مرفوع- واحد-مؤنث

 
7

Active Participle: Indefinite; sound plural; masculine; nominative; (1) 8:65=1                                                                                                         اسم فاعل: مرفوع -جمع سالم مذكر

  
8

Hyperbolic Noun/Intensive Adjective/Intensive Active participle: Indefinite; masculine; singular; genitive. (1)14:05(2)31:31(3)34:19(4)42:33=4    اسم المبالغة-مجرور-واحد-مذكر

  
9

Verbal noun: Indefinite; accusative. (1)2:250(2)7:126(3)18:67(4)18:72(5)18:75(6) 18:78(7)18:82(8)70:05=8                                                                                                     مصدر: منصوب

  
10

Possessive Phrase: Verbal Noun: definite; nominative + Possessive pronoun: Second person; singular; masculine; in genitive state. (1)16:127=1 

                      الإِضَافَةُ = مصدر: مرفوع/مضاف + ضمير متصل-واحد مذكرحاضر/مخاطب في محل جر-مضاف إليه

  
11

Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verbal Noun: Indefinite; nominative. (1)12:18(2)12:83=2                                    حرف فَ + مصدر: مرفوع

  
12

Prepositional Phrase: لِ Prefixed preposition + Active Participle: Definite; sound plural; masculine; genitive; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)16:126=1

                                   جار و مجرور = لِ حرف جر +  اسم فاعل:معرفہ باللام- مجرور-جمع سالم مذكر  في محل جر

  

Verbs Form-I

1

Prefixed interrogative particle + Verb: Imperfect; Second person; plural; masculine; Mood: Indicative evident by نَ; and [و] Subject pronoun in nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun-ضَرَبَ Base. (1)25:20=1

                 الهمزة-للاستفهام + فعل مضارع مرفوع بثبوت النون/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-جمع مذكرحاضر

  
2

Verb: Imperative; second person; singular; masculine; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)10:109(2)11:115(3)16:127(4)18:28(5)31:17(6)38:17(7) 52:48(8)73:10=8                                  فعل أمر مبنى على السكون/الفاعل ضمير مستتر فيه-أَنتَ/واحد مذكر-حاضر

  
3

Verb: Imperative; second person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:200(2)38:06=2

 فعل أمر مبنى على حذف النون لأنَّ مضارعه من الأفعال الخمسة/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

  
4

Verb: Imperative; second person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, nominative state, with prolongation sign; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)7:128 (2)8:46=2                                                           فعل أمر مبنى على حذف النون لأنَّ مضارعه من الأفعال الخمسة

                                                                         و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

  
5

Verb: Imperfect; Second person; singular; masculine; Mood: Indicative; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)18:68=1

                                                           فعل مضارع مرفوع بالضمة/الفاعل ضمير مستتر فيه-أَنتَ-واحد مذكر حاضر

  
6

Verb: Imperfect; second person; plural; masculine; Mood: Jussive by Condition Particle; و Subject pronoun in nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun.  (1)3:120(2)3:125(3)3:186(4)52:16=4

 فعل مضارع مجزوم بِإِن و علامة جزمه حذف النون/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

Verb: Imperfect; second person; plural; masculine; Mood: Subjunctive by Subjunctive Particle; (4)4:25=1

 فعل مضارع منصوب بِأَن و علامة جزمه حذف النون/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

  
7

Verb: Perfect; Third person; singular; masculine; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)42:43(2)46:35=2

                                                     فعل ماضٍ مبني على الفتح/الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:هُوَ-واحد مذكرغائب

  
8

Verb: Perfect; Second Person; plural; masculine; [التاء ] Subject Pronoun, in nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun.  (1)13:24(2)16:126=2

                     فعل ماضٍ مبنى على السكون لاتصاله بضمير الرفع/تُم-ضمير متصل  في محل رفع فاعل جمع مذكرحاضر

  
9

Verb: Perfect; First person; Plural/Sovereign Singular; [نَا] Suffixed Subject Pronoun; nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun (1)14:21(2)25:42=2

                             فعل ماضٍ مبني على السكون لاتصاله بضمير المتكلم/نَا-ضمير متصل فى محل رفع فاعل/جمع متكلم

 
10

Verb: Perfect; Third person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, in nominative state:  مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun (1)7:137(2)11:11(3)13:22(4)16:42(5)25:75(6) 28:54(7)29:59(8)32:24(9)41:35(10)49:05(11)76:12=11 

     فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الضم لاتصاله بواو الجماعة/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكر غائب

  
11

Verb: Perfect; Third person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, in nominative state, added prolongation sign:  مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun(1)16:96(2)16:110 (3)23:111=3 

     فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الضم لاتصاله بواو الجماعة/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكر غائب

  
12

Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Imperative; Second person; singular; masculine;  Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)11:49(2)20:130(3)30:60(4)40:55(5)40:77(6)46:35(7)50:39(8)68:48(9)70:05 (10)74:07(11)76:24=11        حرف فَ + فعل أمر مبنى على السكون/الفاعل ضمير مستتر فيه-أَنتَ-واحد مذكرمخاطب

  
13

Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Imperative; second person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)7:87=1

                                                            حرف فَ + فعل أمر مبنى على حذف النون لأنَّ مضارعه من الأفعال الخمسة

                                                                      و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

  
14

Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Imperative; second person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, nominative state with prolongation sign; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun (1)52:16=1 

                                                           حرف فَ + فعل أمر مبنى على حذف النون لأنَّ مضارعه من الأفعال الخمسة

                                                                       و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرحاضر

  
15

Prefixed conjunction فَ which shows cause/reason and effect + Verb: Perfect; Third person; plural; masculine; [و] Subject Pronoun, in nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)6:34=1

   حرف فَ + فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الضم لاتصاله بواو الجماعة/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-والألف-فارقة/جمع مذكر غائب

  
16

Prefixed Emphatic particle + Verb: Imperfect; First person; plural; masculine; Mood: Indicative; Subject pronoun hidden; [نَّ] Emphatic/Heavy Noon;  مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun.(1)14:12=1                                              اللام واقعة في جواب القسم المحذوف

                 فعل مضارع مبني على الفتح لاتصاله بنون التوكيد الثقيلة/الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:نَحْنُ-جمع متكلم    

 
17

 [فعل مضارع منصوب] Verb: Imperfect; First person; plural; Mood: Subjunctive + Subject Pronoun نَحْنُ hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun-ضَرَبَ Base.  (1)2:61=1

  
18

Verb: Imperfect; third person; singular; masculine; Mood: Jussive; Subject Pronoun hidden; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun (1)12:90=1 

                                                            فعل مضارع مجزوم /الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:هُوَ-واحد مذكرغائب

  
19

Verb: Imperfect; third person; plural; masculine; Mood: Jussive evident by elision of "نَ"; Subject Pronoun [و], nominative state; مصدر-صَبْرٌ Verbal noun. (1)41:24=1

          فعل مضارع مجزوم و علامة جزمه حذف النون/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعلوالألف-فارقة/جمع مذكرغائب

  

Verbs Form-III

1

 Verb: Imperative; second person; plural; masculine; [Form-III]; [و]  Subject pronoun in nominative state; مصدر-مُصَابَرَةٌ Verbal noun. (1)3:200=1

            فعل أمر مبنى على حذف النون لأنَّ مضارعه من الأفعال الخمسة/و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل-/باب فَاْعَلَ

 

Verbs Form-IV

1

Verb: Perfect; third person; singular; masculine; [Form-IV]; Subject pronoun hidden [هُوَ] + Suffixed Object pronoun: Third person; masculine; plural;, in accusative state. (1)2:175=1

                                     فعل ماضٍ مبنى على الفتح /الفاعل:ضمير مستتر جوازاً تقديره:هُوَ-واحد مذكرغائب/باب افعال

                                                            ضمير متصل مبنى على الضم في محل نصب مفعول به / جمع  مذكر غائب

  

Verbs Form-VIII

1

Verb: Imperative; Second person; singular; masculine; [Form-VIII]; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-إِصْطِبَارُ Verbal noun. (1)19:65(2)20:132(3)54:27=3

                                               فعل أمر مبنى على السكون/الفاعل ضمير مستتر فيه-أَنتَ/واحد مذكر-حاضر/باب اِفْتَعَلَ

 

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