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Mountains - Anchors
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1) Mountains - Anchors were inserted in the Earth;
2) Mountains are not statically fixed, they move.
3) Purpose of insertion of anchors in the Earth;
4) Mountains have streaks/stripes of various hues;
5) Ranges of mountains cannot be crossed over walking longitudinally;
6) Mountains will be crumbled to dust particles on the Last Day.
We are studying about Man and the Universe - Why is the Universe the way it is. The Mountains are an important element of our Universe. Now we will study the information mentioned about mountains in the Grand Qur'aan. The most striking information is that the word "creation" is not used for the mountains with reference to the creation of our Universe. Instead verb denoting "inserting, rendering" is used:
Have Our Majesty not rendered the Earth spread plain, even and smooth? [to make your sojourn comfortable] [78:06]
And Have Our Majesty not rendered the mountains -rocks firmly pegged? [78:07]
These two ayahs constitute a compound sentence with conjunction particle which links "the mountains" to the preceding verb. The mountains were rendered as pegs. The verb is doubly transitive which shows one object rendered as described by the second object. Both the object are broken plural nouns, grammatically feminine. The information is that each specific mountain is rendered like a peg. This information is also given about the mountains with different collocates:
And He the Exalted anchored - firmly grounded the mountains—[79:32]
The Form IV singular masculine perfect verb:
stems
from Root: ر س و which signifies to come to stand firm, to anchor, to sink a peg
firmly in the ground. This information is earlier given in these words:
And He the Exalted is the One Who spread, stretched the Earth;
And rendered therein anchoring and stabilizing mountains; and water flows; [Refer 13:03]
And the Earth, We did spread/stretch her;
And We placed therein anchored/stabilizing mountains;
And We sprouted in her, each and every thing mutually equated and balanced; [15:19]
And He the Exalted inserted in her (the Earth) firmly grounded anchors (mountains) characteristically visible above her surface, and He the Exalted permanently and relatively fixed/pegged them inside her; [refer 41:10]
And Our Majesty inserted in her (the Earth) long and lofty anchors;
And We provided you to drink the palatable water. [77:27]
We notice that for the mountains and
I
the grounded anchors nowhere
the verb:
"He created" is used. Instead verb:
"He inserted" and verb:
Form-IV, perfect, third person, masculine, singular, and
hidden subject pronoun referent for Allah the Exalted. The verb
signifies causing something to be placed before or within something. It
is thus evident that like dark matter, white light, and water
anchors/rocks/or tectonic plates are the matter imported from somewhere
else into our universe during its making.
But the Divine information is that the:
firmly grounded anchors were not created in the universe but were
inserted in the Earth which means it were the materials "imported" into
the Earth. They were inserted and placed in such manner that they are
over her surface and firmly grounded downwards within the Earth.
About:
the revelation is:
. In this verbal sentence the verb is perfect, third person
singular with subject pronoun hidden that is referent for Allah the Exalted.
Verb is of Form-III which add in the meanings the aspect of reciprocity.
It reveals a reciprocal relationship between the above the surface and below the
surface part of the anchors.
The verb stems from Root: ب ر ك Learned Ibn Faris stated that the basic perception infolded in the Root is that of ثَباتُ الشىءِ i.e. a state of perpetuity, permanence, continuity. Other Lexicons also narrate that this Root enfolds the basic perception of anything that became firm, steady, steadfast or fixed; remained, continued or stayed in a place, constantly or perseveringly. It reflects permanence and stability that results in keeping expanding and developing and becoming more and more prominent and obvious."
What were inserted
in the Earth is also described by an adjectival phrase:
which signifies such anchors that are lofty and far reaching. The participle
used as adjective stems from
Root:
: ش م خ
signifies:
يدل على تعظُّم وارتفاع
the perception of ossification, great and loftiness. Their location is described
"inside the Earth", thereby, the feature of tallness - loftiness is with
reference to their far reaching inside the Earth and are like the pegs.
2) Mountains are not statically fixed, they move.
Other information given in the Divine Discourse about mountains is:
Moreover, you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] observe the mountains thinking/presuming them as statically fixed, while the fact is they keep drifting like the smooth crawl-drift of the Middle Cloud.
This is the Artistry of Allah the Exalted Who has caused every thing to be in perfection [in its self and with relation to every thing else].
Indeed, He the Exalted is fully aware of what you people do for the first time/innovatively. [27:88]
The addressee is the elevated Messenger and the speech mentions about his perception regards the mountains. And then the fact about mountains is disclosed which is contrary to his understanding. Same is the perception of majority of people. It is yet another evidence of the Divine Origin of Grand Qur'aan.
The fundamental characteristics that render and earn for a book the title of great book include; validity and reliability of its contents. In timeline, we are always surrounded by information and to know which source to trust is not always an easy proposition. The ability to evaluate the credibility of information is the most important skill for success. Validity and reliability of a book is the primary and the foremost concern of a critical reader and searcher for the truth. Except Grand Qur'aan, presently no book in its body has addressed such concerns of a reader. The parameters, criteria for evaluating the validity and reliability of a book is that its contents must be absolutely void of psychologically disconcerting suspicious, conjectural, whimsical, conflicting, un-certain, illusory, unsubstantiated, biased and opinionated matter. These features grant a book the credentials of infinite validity and reliability. Conversely, we can say that only such book can be credited as valid and reliable which has in its miscellany nothing but infallible truths whose veracity can stand the accuracy test in timeline.
The knowledge about the matter is verifiable in time and space. Anything said by anyone or a book regarding physical matters could be subjected to verification in time and space about its truth to an exact detail. If we find the words of a book relating to physical matters, written earlier in time, as true, factually and materially correct in all respects: then we will have to believe too, in those statements of the Book which narrate some events/dialogues between people of past/historical statements. The falsification test of any book/statement could be the physical one. The facts mentioned in the Qur'aan about the Universe and human body are in itself the falsification test of Grand Qur'aan in the entire timeline.
Grand Qur'aan has thus provided the mechanism of testability of its validity and reliability. After test, the validity and reliability attains the optimum status of absolute conviction and satisfaction.
The motion of the mountains is exemplified with the drifting action of middle clouds. The indicative mood of the verb, signifying drifting, indicates that it is an ongoing motion. Scientists of present days refer this motion by term "Continental Drift". It has been measured as one to five cm per year.
3) Purpose of insertion of anchors in the Earth
It is explicitly informed that the Creation of the Universe was scientifically condition:
Have you not observed the apparent fact that Allah the Exalted has created the Skies and the Earth conditioning them scientifically: infallible governing rules for a determined purpose and time. [refer 14:19; also 6:30; 15:85; 16:03; 29:44; 30:08; 39:05; 45:22; 46:03; 64:03;]
Science is a systematic and logical approach to discovering how things in the universe work. It is derived from the Latin word “scientia,” which translates to knowledge. Unlike the arts, science aims for measurable results through testing and analysis. Science is based on fact, not opinion or preferences.
"Knowledge" is the domain of a living. A living has a will. Thereby, he is not necessarily predictable and discoverable by scientific rules. Matter does not possess or acquire knowledge. It can be observed, discovered; and that system can be determined which puts the matter to work. Thus the premises of "science" is the acknowledgment of the fact that the universe wherein we live is scientifically structured. Had it not in scientifically structured state, "knowledge" and "science" might not have been coined by human beings. Randomness and chaos would have been the observable phenomenon all around us.
The prepositional
phrase:
Inseparable preposition بـِ isManner adverbial: It is used with a noun to modify a verb phrase by describing the manner in which an action took place.
The Root of the object noun of preposition:
is "ح ق ق". Ibn Faris [died 1005]
mentioned its basic perception as under:
حق
(مقاييس اللغة)
الحاء والقاف أصلٌ واحد، وهو
يدل على
إحكام الشيء
وصحّته.
فالحقُّ نقيضُ الباطل، َ
That it leads to the perception of validity and authenticity of a permanent nature; thereby, it is the opposite of: الباطلscum, conjecture, filmy layer of extraneous matter or impurities that rises up on the surface of a liquid; dross or refuse from molten metal which becomes visible on surface.
Lane's Lexicon quoting Er-Rághib states:
Primary meaning of حَقٌّ is contr. of بَاطِلٌ, [as an act. part. n., and a simple epithet,], on the authority of Er-Rághib, It was, or became, suitable to the requirements of wisdom, justice, right or rightness, truth, or reality or fact; or to the exigencies of the case]: it was, or became, just, proper, right, correct, or true; authentic, genuine, sound, valid, substantial, or real; established, or confirmed, as a truth or fact: and necessitated, necessary, requisite, or unavoidable; binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due: syn. وَجَبَ; and ثَبَتَ: it was, or became, a manifest and an indubitable fact or event.
It is thus manifest that everything in the
Universe is according to the set rules and principles for an objective. We have
earlier read the information that::
were inserted in the Earth. Their peculiarity is indicated that they are not
only rising above the surface but are also permanent lofty and far reaching
anchors pegged within the Earth. It is active participle which itself shows that
they perform the action denoted by the verb it is derived from. Their purpose
and function is revealed:
And He the Exalted has placed in the Earth anchored-solidly grounded (mountains-79:32); the intent was that she might not oscillate along with you people; [Refer 16:15; 31:10]
And Our Majesty have rendered the pegged mountains serving as anchors that she might not oscillate along with them. [refer 21:31]
The subordinate clause:
stands
as {أن وما بعدها في محل نصب مفعول لأجله}
Causative Adverb which gives the reason for which an action came to be. The
third person singular feminine imperfect subjunctive verb:
with hidden pronoun referent to the Earth stems from
Root:
م ى د
that leads to the perception of movement within a thing.
The preposition: بـِ in prepositional phrase:
denotes accompaniment ([لِلمُصَاحَبَةِ]),
meaning "along with you people".
The positioning of the mountains - anchors over the surface and stretching downwards as pegs and that such positioning is reciprocal and their mentioned function leads us to the phenomenon termed "isotasy" by the modern geology and seismic research.
4) Mountains have streaks/stripes of various hues;
Mountains have streaks/stripes:
And amongst the mountains are stripes/streaks white and reddish, their shades are of various colours, and some mountains are intrinsically intensely/jet black. [refer 35:27]
5) Ranges of mountains cannot be crossed over walking longitudinally;
Allah the Exalted has informed:
Neither you should walk in the Earth exultantly and boastfully/conceitedly.
It is a fact that you can never tear apart the Earth, nor will you be able to walk across the range of mountains, longitudinally. [17:37]
The last
sentence of the ayah is erroneously translated in all the available
translations. They all mention "reaching the height of the mountains" by
erroneously translating the word:
as height and stature. We know
mountaineering
teams have made ascent to peaks of mountains.
وَلَن تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُولًا :
لَن : Negative subjunctive Particle, restricting imperfect verb to the future tense adding element of emphasis to the negation.
تَبْلُغ الْجِبَالََ : This verbal sentence comprises of Verb: Imperfect; Second person; Singular; masculine; Mood: Subjunctive; Subject Pronoun hidden; مصدر-بُلُوغٌ Verbal noun; and its object is the definite noun, broken plural; feminine; accusative. A mountain range is defined as a single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation and age. A mountain range is a component part of a mountain system or a mountain chain.
طُولًا: It is Verbal Noun: Indefinite; accusative. Its role is: تمييز disambiguation for the preceding verbal sentence. It denotes lengthwise, longitudinally. It does not refer to height or peak of mountains.
6) Mountains will be crumbled to dust particles on the Last Day.
The fate of the Mountains on the Last Day of the existence of the Universe is described in detail:
Know it, the Day Our Majesty will cause the removal of the mountains [converting them into sand]
And you will see the Earth plainly leveled.
And We would have gathered them, thereby, We would not have left even a single individual behind. [18:47]
What will be done to the mountains on the Last Day is
described by the verbal sentence:
comprising of Verb - Subject - Object. The
imperfect verb is First Person, Masculine, Plural/Majestic Singular,
Form-II, which adds an attribution to object; to consider someone or
something to be something with reference to the base meanings of the
verb. It stems from Root:
س ى ر
which signifies moving - going away, streaming, traversing. The base
meanings with added meanings of Form-II signify the removal of mountains
from their apparent location. When it happens, one will see the Earth
plainly leveled. This information is repeated:
And the mountains will move, physically strolling. [52:10]
And the mountains would have been removed [converting them into sand leveling the Earth]; thereby they would become mirage. [78:20]
And when the mountains would have been removed [converting them into sand leveling the Earth] [81:03]
When the mountains would have been removed, they will become what causes optical illusion of a sheet of water appearing on a hot road - mirage.
Why would they be like mirage? It is explained:
And people enquire from you the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam] about the mountains.
In response you pronounce, "My Sustainer Lord will blast them, as dust particles. [20:105]
Then He will leave them plains smooth and leveled;
Exactly leveled that you will not see - find therein crookedness - variation in alignment and curve - uneven surface". [20:107]
The mountains will be crumbled to become sand particles rendering their place as smooth and leveled with no uneven surface. It is further explained how would it happen:
When the Earth would have been shaken, quaking—[56:04]
And the mountains would have been crumbled, powdery—[56:05]
Whereupon they would have become dispersed particles. [plain leveling the Earth]. [56:06]
In consequence when a blow/Big Bang would have been blown in the Trumpet—[69:13]
And the Earth and the mountains would have been uplifted vertically, whereupon they both would be brayed - pounded, in the manner of single pounding. [69:14]
It is informed by using past tenses — future perfect to emphasize the infallibility of the given information as if it has already happened — that the Last Day will be recognized by the blow of sound in the Trumpet. The sound - really a big bang will uplift the Earth and the Mountains. The prominent feature of the Last Day is piercing - thundering sound. The last Day happenings reveal the destructive power of sound waves. Presently we know about the process of cavitation that the energy unleashed by it breaks down the bond that tie large molecules together. The acousticians can better explain by studying the effect on the objects on the Last Day as portrayed in Grand Qur'aan.
The effect is also indicated by choice of such word indicating a process well known to common people - bow-instrument:
And the Mountains would be like the disintegrated [carded] wool. [70:09]
And the Mountains will be like the disintegrated carded wool. [101:05]
What the mountains would become is illustrated:
[Afford them a little reprieve for] The Day the Earth and the mountains will violently vibrate and oscillate; [caused by mighty sound of first blow in Trumpet]
And the mountains would have become a heap of sand poured-out and flowing down [Leveling plain the Earth]. [73:14]
And when the Mountains are uprooted and scattered like dust. [77:10]
If we visualize when all this would be happening, no horrible scene would match it that we might have seen in real life or movies. May Allah the Exalted protect us if the Day happens in our life.
