and
are neither synonym nor are interchangeable.
1. Traditionally
is translated as equivalent to
.
The Grand Qur'aan, while giving injunctions and
options with reference to situations arising in the life of married
couples, has these two sentences, identically worded, in
2:234 and
2:240:
Traditionally/conventionally it is translated as under:
Ayat: 234
Yusuf Ali: If any of you die and leave
widows behind
Pickthall: Such of you as die and leave
behind them wives,
F. Malik: As for those of you who die and
leave widows behind,
M. Asad: And if any of you die and leave
wives behind,
Rashad Khalifa: Those who die
and leave wives,
Ahmad Ali: Wives of men who die
among you should wait...
The source can be traced back to تفسير الجلالين
والذين يتوفون=
يموتون منكم ويذرون= يتركون
2.
These are neither synonym nor are
interchangeable.
The grammatical analysis of these two words is as under:
:[فعل مضارع مرفوع بثبوت النون] Verb: Imperfect;
third person; plural; masculine; Mood: Indicative
evident by نَ; [Form I];
[و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع
فاعل] Subject Pronoun;
nominative state; مصدر-مَوْتٌ
Verbal noun.
(1)4:18=1
The Root of:
is "م و ت" and basic perception infolded therein is that of matter, void
of life, and termination of life of a living creature by a natural
cause. The termination of life of a living being, animal and man,
accidentally or willfully by another rational being is described by the
words made from Root: "ق ت ل", to kill, to murder, assassinate, execute. Both the Roots signify two
distinct things and are not interchangeable though both may apparently
have a similar effect/end result.
thereafter they got
killed/murdered or
they died natural death, [Refer
22:58]
You, the Messenger [Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam]
pronounce, "The avoidance/running
away [from confronting war] will never benefit you people if you ran away for consideration of the natural death
or murder/killing [in war]
[Refer 33:16]
The apparent effect-consequence of both unintentional and intentional
individual's murder or killed in war by the enemy, and natural death is that the concerned person is alienated from
the company of other people and from wife if he was a married man.
However, assassination of a particular person may not result and cause the
termination of his life though it will also cause the alienation
of that person from the company of people and his wife if he is a
married man. Allah the Exalted informs about this fact:
-
Take note that you people
should not say
in respect of those who get murdered-slain while engaged in the cause of Allah
the Exalted; "they are dead bodies".
-
The fact of the
matter is that they are not dead but are alive. However, you people
are in a state that you cannot pursue and perceive that life by
senses. [2:154]
-
And take note that you
people must not henceforth even consider and presume in respect of those who
are murdered-slain in the way of Allah the Exalted that they are dead bodies.
-
They are not dead bodies; the fact of the matter
is that they are alive. [but you
people can not perceive that life-2:154].
-
They like all other
living people are continuously getting sustenance from their Sustainer Lord. [3:169]
Allah the Exalted has not used the word:
"those who die natural death" in 2:234 and 2:240 since there are married men who
leave behind their wives:
while going for confronting war in the cause of Allah the Exalted which
involves the act and possibility of killing and getting killed.
The
man if killed while confronting war
in the cause of Allah he does not die but remains alive whereby he
cannot be included amongst the subjects of word:
.
Therefore, if we substitute the word used in Grand Qur'aan with a word of
different import and signification, there will be factual contradiction in the
translated text that may cause confusion for those who are not well conversant
with the Arabic.
3.
Perception and meanings of
is manifestly evident by the word indicating its effect
[فعل مضارع مبني للمجهول-مرفوع بثبوت النون] Verb: Imperfect; third person; plural; masculine;
Passive; Mood:
Indicative; [Form-V];[و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع نائب فاعل]
Proxy
Subject Pronoun, nominative state مصدر-تَوَفِّى Verbal noun.
The word is made from Root "و ف ى", and its perception and meanings are
quite manifest by the effect/resultant action mentioned therewith, i.e.
"they leave behind wives". This act can be associated with
only those husbands who are in the state of separation, detachment,
alienation, moving away from their wives.
:[فعل مضارع مرفوع بثبوت النون] Verb: Imperfect;
third person; plural; masculine; Mood: Indicative
evident by نَ; [Form I];
[و- ضمير متصل في محل رفع
فاعل] Subject Pronoun;
nominative state; مصدر-وَذْرٌ
Verbal
Noun. Its Root is "و ذ ر".
The basic perception infolded is that of a small peace of flesh
which is detached/moved away/alienated from the bone or does not contain
bone. Its primary signification is to leave or abandon a thing. Its use
with reference to wives left behind, in case of natural death or
killed by the enemy while engaged in war in the cause of Allah, seems
quite pathetic. Thereby wife becomes "a peace of flesh" without or
detached/alienated from the bone which is reflective of strength like
husband.
The act of:
"they leave behind wives" can happen/is initiated in the following
situations:
(a) a husband is alienating/moving
away from his wife to participate in the war for the cause of Allah,
whereby there is equal chance of his becoming a martyr;
(b) a husband's body is
alienating/moving away from his wife apparently to the grave, but
actually to Paradise, on martyrdom.
In both the above situations
husbands are, amongst people, in a state and situation of about to
alienate, segregate, move away, given away reflected by passive
verb:
.
However this state followed by
"they leave behind wives" can also happen when,
(c) a husband is alienating/moving
away from his wife to the grave because of his natural death.
This
alienation is caused by the subject:
.
Neither the subject of an action and the action
are considered synonyms or synonymous nor the cause and
effect are ever
synonyms or synonymous. Grand Qur'aan has
manifestly demarcated and distinguished the perception and meanings of
Root "م و ت" and "و ف ى"
through this sentence:
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